Features of magma chamber deformation with poroviscoealstic crystal mush are examined using a mechanical model

Coexistence of poroelastic diffusion and viscoelastic relaxation causes non-monotonous evolution in pressure, stress, and magma transport

The evolution of magma chamber is described by two characteristic time scales depending on the material properties

Relative velocity changes derived from infrasound autocorrelations can track independently observed temperature and wind variations

Autocorrelation infrasound interferometry can take advantage of high-frequency persistent infrasound noise sources, such as waterfalls

We demonstrate the applicability of autocorrelation infrasound interferometry for a range of geographical locations and station designs

Integration of 115 years of deformation data reveals subsidence up 50 cm/year in Mexico City

The majority of the subsidence is irreversible and its rates are linearly correlated to the thickness of the upper aquitard

Migration of low-quality water to the productive aquifer sets the stage for a water crisis, which influences the socioeconomic landscape

Variational Bayesian independent component analysis on Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar displacement time series performs better than FastICA

Application to San Joaquin Valley allows to isolate elastic and inelastic compaction and potential hydrocompaction contributions

Application to Central San Andreas fault zone allows to separate seasonal behavior of Quaternary sediments from creep on the fault

A 3-D model of upper crustal anisotropy in the vicinity of the SJFZ is proposed based on 1,694 pairs of splitting parameters at three stations

Fast orientations are fault parallel for rays traversing the fault zones, and are parallel to regional stress for non-fault-crossing rays

Apparent temporal variations of the splitting parameters after an M4.7 earthquake are mostly caused by changes in source distribution

We held dry, cold, deformed cores of Carrara marble at constant stress conditions for several days while recording wave speeds and dilatancy

We observe rapid and strong wave speed increases under both hydrostatic and constant differential stress (creep) loading

We propose that crack mechanical recovery is driven by the viscous relaxation of the bulk rock

Numerical models of South American subduction study the effect of upper-mantle rheology, subduction interface strength and slab thermal weakening

The model results are compared with natural observations on slab geometry and surface velocities

The best-fitting models have a nonlinear upper mantle, a weak subduction zone interface and significant slab thermal weakening

Measurements of seismic wave attenuation and dispersion in a partially saturated sandstone

Partial saturation was achieved by exsolution of carbon dioxide and was characterized with X-ray computed tomography

Fluid distribution was used to numerically simulate attenuation and dispersion due to fluid pressure diffusion

Seismic attenuation of the Greenland Ice Sheet is estimated by comparing the observed and theoretical Rayleigh waveforms

The quality (Q) factor of the ice sheet is 10–50 for both P and S waves, indicating extremely high attenuation

This is the first Q estimation targeting the ice sheet using waves with a propagation distance of more than 100 km

At least two separate magma storage regions in different physical states exist beneath the Laguna del Maule volcanic field

A −6 mGal gravity anomaly below the Barrancas complex is close to a postulated inflation source which produced ∼62 m of Holocene uplift

Comparing model densities to nearby plutons and seismic models indicates Barrancas magma is above solidus with a small melt proportion

Reconstructions of the rifting of the Australian plate away from Antarctica shows fast spreading rates since Mid-Eocene (45 Ma)

Analyzed mechanisms to separate the Australian plate from Antarctica using coupled global models of mantle and lithosphere dynamics

Results indicate that the separation between the Australian and Antarctica plate was driven by an asthenospheric pressure Poiseuille flow

Increase in temperature to 150°C lowers both yield stress and absolute strength of sandstone

The weakening is greater in the ductile regime than in the brittle regime

A lowering of the fracture toughness can explain the observed weakening

Ambient noise acquired on dark fiber distributed acoustic sensing is used to monitor spatio-temporal perturbations in seismic velocities linked to aquifer dynamics

Rock physics modeling links observed seismic velocity perturbations with pore pressure variations caused by groundwater table fluctuations

Our approach offers a tool to monitor aquifer dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution at local to regional scales

Crystal-plastic deformation occurred in seismically deformed carbonate rocks

Deformation and annealing produce a grain-boundary strengthening effect

Repeated cyclic repetition of deformation and recrystallization leads to formation of a nanogranular material

We detected earthquake swarms in the Hikurangi Trench, New Zealand, and compared them with slow slip events (SSEs) and tectonic tremors

Twelve of 49 earthquake swarms associated with transient eastward GNSS displacements caused by SSEs preceded the displacements by 5–25 days

These pre-SSE earthquake swarms might be triggered by intraplate fluid migration before the SSEs and not by SSE-induced stress loading

Δ₄₇, U-Pb dating and solid-state reordering model as an integrated thermochronological tool suitable for deeply buried carbonate intervals

Identified a previously ignored thermal pulse induced by mantle plume activity in the Tarim Basin

Using natural samples to constrain the sensitivity of solid-state reordering models to kinetic parameters

We develop a theory of wave propagation in infinituple-porosity media based on multiple-scale inclusions

We consider different distributions of the size of the inclusions aimed to model the anelasticity

The model provides a reasonable explanation of broadband laboratory and field data

We introduce a new deep learning method, SCALODEEP, for generalized earthquake detection

We compare the performance of the new framework with the state-of-the-art FAST, template matching, and CRED methods, and demonstrate its advantages

Applications of the SCALODEEP to four distinctive seismogenic zones indicate its superior generalization capability

Remarkably asymmetric postseismic deformation following the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake reveals contrasting rheology across the Kunlun fault

Deep afterslip localized in the shear zone increases the estimate of lower-crustal transient viscosity

Shallow afterslip helps explain GPS-measured displacement gradient across the Kunlun Pass fault

Variable rheology was implemented in a four-dimensional viscoelastic model to explore earthquake cycle deformation of the San Andreas Fault System

Elastic plate thickness variations are estimated from heat flow and depth to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary

Variations in earthquake magnitude forecasts should be carefully considered when implementing variable crustal parameters

Seismic discontinuities determined from Sp and Ps receiver function analysis

Sp results agree with previous studies, but interpretations of negative phases in some places have changed

Negative discontinuities seen from 50 to 150 km; lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary seen in younger regions, mid-lithospheric discontinuity in older (may be linked to ancient hydrous minerals)

Two uppermost mantle P-wave reflections observed beneath the SW-Iberian Peninsula at 50–75 km (H) and 90–110 km (L) depth

“H” corresponds to an increase in velocity and is likely the Hales discontinuity. “L” is related to velocity decrease at the LAB

Full wavefield modeling shows the Hales discontinuity corresponds to a zone of randomly distributed thin bodies with small Vp variations

The 2008 Wells earthquake ruptured the shallow and deep parts of a listric fault

Near-field USArray data are key to constrain the deep and shallow parts of the rupture

Teleseismic and geodetic data cannot resolve the shallow part of the rupture

Combined inversion method of wideband-MT and Network-MT data has been developed to accurately represent long-dipole measurements

Lower-crustal conductors below active faults and a large conductor above a subducting slab are imaged under a high strain rate zone

Lower-crustal conductors are interpreted as localized ductile shear zones, being responsible for the strain accumulation along the faults

Shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy model of the Iran plateau was determined using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo inversions

Radial anisotropy patterns suggest ductile shear zones in the middle to the lower crust beneath the Zagros

Radial anisotropy changes from positive to negative values in the Zagros lithosphere is an evidence for the decoupling of the crust from the upper mantle beneath the Zagros

We illuminated methane hydrate formation during sedimentation with a newly developed one-dimensional numerical model

Free gas flow from methane recycling and deep methanogenesis forms concentrated methane hydrate near the base of the hydrate stability zone

Deep methanogenesis plays a significant role in forming concentrated methane hydrate at sites with high sedimentation rates

Geochemical zoning in coarse crystals record crystallization of primitive crystal mush and subsequent reactive melt migration thereof

Fine-grained olivine gabbros testify collection of residual melts from the crystal mush; their crystallization is dominated by nucleation

Accumulation of migrating melts could have promoted extraction of those melts that potentially contribute to Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt erupted at the seafloor

We compute the stress field using finite element modeling by considering contributions from both gravitational and far-field tectonic forces

We obtain the orientation and magnitude of the tectonic force by finding the stress field that best-fits the observed stress observations

Gravitational contribution to the horizontal stress field has a comparable magnitude regarding tectonic contribution for the upper 5 km

We investigate the seismogenic structure of the 2017 Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake using the arrival times of local earthquakes

The main shock and aftershocks are distributed along an unmapped branch of the easternmost end of the eastern Kunlun fault

The high Vp and low Vs anomalies as well as high Vp/Vs ratio near the source area suggest the presence of fluids in the cracked rocks

New geochemical data of the basalts from the North Fiji Basin reveal a signature of enriched mantle 1 (EM1) near the Fiji Triple Junction

The enriched basalts contain both primordial helium inherited from mantle transition zone and dehydrated oceanic slab component

Upwelling of hydrous mantle transition zone triggered by stagnant slab can be the source of enriched mantle in mature back-arc basins

Active seismic methods image the Semail ophiolite and broadly constrain the eastern extent of the Arabian continental margin

Evidence of deep crustal root beneath the UAE-Oman mountain range from Virtual Deep Seismic Sounding

Folding and thrusting developed during obduction of the Semail ophiolite may have thickened the crust by 16 km

The basement of North Natal Valley and the Mozambique Coastal Plain is of continental nature

The location of the COB is South of the Naude Ridge, close to the Ariel Graben location

These results preclude the possibility of an overlap of the Antarctica plate on the MCP and the NNV in Gondwana kinematic reconstructions

Two high-velocity bodies, with an average velocity as high as 6.6 and 7.2 km/s, are constrained at a depth of 3 km from the surface

A series of sub-horizontal reflections are observed at depths of 11–20 km which are interpreted to represent a thrust system

The thrust stacking in the middle crust is the main mechanism that controls the formation of the Mabja dome formation

We present a new multiple-frequency P-wave tomography model of the Paranapanema Block and surrounding region

We provide updated boundaries of known cratonic blocks including the Paranapanema Block, the Luiz Alves Craton, and the Rio Apa Craton

The Paranapanema Block is separated from the Rio Apa and Luiz Alves cratons by the Transbrasiliano Lineament and Apiaí Belt, respectively

We develop an interferometric-based polarization analysis to investigate high-resolution spatiotemporal pattern of hydrothermal tremor

We construct the first image of the plumbing architecture for the Steamboat–Cistern system to a depth of 140 m

We illuminate the recharge evolution of Steamboat Geyser and Cistern Spring and the dynamic subsurface interaction between the two features

Newly found lamprophyres in central Asia record decompression melting of pyroxenite-bearing asthenosphere at T_p ≈ 1400°C and P_final ≈ 2.3 GPa

The decompression melting represents small-scale mantle upwellings under a sharply thinned lithosphere

Edge-driven mantle convection is a trigger for small-volume intraplate magmatic provinces of corrugated lithospheric lower boundaries

We image a seismic discontinuity centered at 65 km depth in the central Pacific upper mantle

Co-located constraints on seismic velocities, anisotropy, and attenuation also show transitional features at 60–80 km depth

The observed discontinuity may represent a zone of localized shear within a broader zone accommodating relative plate motion

Eruptive cycle of Strokkur consists of eruption, conduit refilling, bubble trap gas accumulation and bubble collapses at depth in conduit

Duration of phases in the eruptive cycle linearly increases from single to sextuple eruptions, except for the conduit refilling phase

We infer a bubble trap at a pool geyser at 23.7 ± 4.4 m depth, 13–23 m west of the conduit feeding single to sextuple eruptions

New paleointensity results using the multispecimen parallel differential partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) method with domain-state corrections

Comparison and combination of multispecimen and Thellier-type paleointensity methods applying and analyzing different selection criteria

High-quality low Pliocene paleointensities obtained with a multimethod approach

We establish asymptotic scaling laws for the free core nutation (FCN)'s Ohmic and viscous dissipation in the fluid core

Most of the energy dissipation associated with the FCN takes place in the boundary layers

Our work validates inferences from previous studies that assumed the flow in the outer core as a uniform vorticity flow

Lithospheric thicknesses and seismic velocities in eastern Canada are more variable in the Peri-Gondwanan than Peri-Laurentian domains

Lithospheric thickness in the northern Appalachians varies in 70–120 km range and does not suggest a simple relation to the age of terranes

The thicker lithosphere beneath New Brunswick may be caused by slab stacking resulting from flat subduction of Acadian lithosphere

Seafloor pressure and deep current measurements were collected at four sites for 6.5 months offshore Oregon

An established method based upon ocean geostrophic balance was applied to reduce ocean noise to detect shallow slow-slip events (SSEs)

The ocean-balance method produced improved SSE detection capability compared to traditional reference-site and statistical methods

Rough fault simulations exhibit simultaneous foreshocks and creep caused by heterogeneity in normal stress induced by roughness

Stress transfer between foreshocks and creep produces a positive feedback and 1/t acceleration prior to the mainshock

The precursory phase is characterized by migratory seismicity and creep over an extended region

Resonant peaks are observed in spectral responses computed from earthquake-based data for receivers deployed on Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Analytical formulation is developed to explain the observed resonances in spectral responses

Our water thickness estimates agree with the Bedmap2 datasets, but considerable difference is obtained for the ice thickness estimates

Bayesian inference is used to find the likely location and magnitude of a historical, mega-thrust earthquake in eastern Indonesia

The 1852 Banda earthquake and resultant tsunami can be attributed to a mega-thrust earthquake along the outer Banda arc

Bayesian inference can be used to quantify the nature of pre-instrumental natural hazards using anecdotal evidence

A comprehensive stress drop distribution for the Iquique Earthquake rupture region is computed using a spectral ratio approach

The stress drops estimates reveal no large scale pattern or major trend such as a depth dependency

We describe minor stress drop variations in greater detail and find a relatively strong scaling with moment for the entire data set

A clustering analysis is performed to investigate the spatiotemporal correlation between seismicity and injection activity in western Canada

Seismotectonic state of the injection sites is quantitatively characterized using the estimates of the seismogenic index

Statistical models are presented to forecast the magnitudes of the largest expected events induced by deep fluid injection

The quadrature conductivity of clays behaves non-monotonously with increasing salinity

Some polarization mechanisms may cease to act or decrease significantly at a specific salinity

The quadrature to surface conductivity ratio is lower for clays than for other minerals

Fluid pressure change can induce aseismic slip that either advances or delays future earthquakes

Delayed earthquakes are preceded by large aseismic moment release on faults

It is possible to identify critical aseismic responses that can advance or delay future earthquakes with enhanced monitoring

Large aftershocks occur in the edge of areas with high aftershock productivity

Aftershock productivity exhibit compensating patterns in association with the coseismic slip

The mainshock ruptures constrained from early aftershocks help improve aftershock forecasting

Seismic velocity changes due to the M_w 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake have fundamentally altered the area within 30 km of the epicenter of the mainshock

The maximum amplitude of the changes in seismic velocity exhibits strong correlations with log-distance and with peak dynamic strain suggesting that strong ground motion is among the primary cause of earthquake-induced seismic velocity changes

Seismic velocity recovers asymptotically, approaching stable values between 1 and 3 months after the M_w 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake

Extraction can lessen direct diffusion effects on the fault stability by reducing pore-pressure buildup significantly

However, extraction can accumulate poroelastic energy along the fault, consequently nucleating more earthquakes

Well location controls a preferential direction of flow and stress transfer that can enhance hydro-mechanical interactions with faults

Ultramafic pseudotachylytes inform on rupture kinematics in subducted slabs

Miniature-size anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility records seismic viscous flow in frictional melts

Earthquake focal mechanisms can be inferred from magnetic fabrics

Low-frequency earthquakes are more common in the upper crust than previously thought

Earthquakes with predominant low-frequency energy are activated after large crustal earthquakes

Differences in the pore-fluid pressure may be a major cause of the large variation in the frequency contents of earthquakes

The mechanical compaction behavior of monodisperse sintered glass bead samples is similar to that of well-sorted monomineralic sandstones

During triaxial compression at high confining pressure, discrete compaction bands developed in a synthetic sample with a porosity of 0.35

All else being equal, increasing grain diameter from 0.2 to 1.15 mm decreases the stress to reach C* by more than a factor of two

A literature survey found reports of 119 submarine volcanic eruptions recorded by seismic, hydroacoustic, or acoustic instruments since 1939

This review summarizes the current state of submarine eruption seismo-acoustics based on the literature survey results

Seismo-acoustic monitoring and study has increased our understanding of submarine eruptions but many scientific opportunities remain

CO₂ and H₂O-bearing nephelinitic melt is very conductive

CO₂ effect on melt conductivity is weak when CO₂ <6 wt%

It is difficult to constrain CO₂ content of crustal nephelinitic melt from magnetotellurics

Serpentinizing fluids from the Oman ophiolite were sampled and analyzed to test thermodynamic predictions with environmental observations

Compositions of a few fluid samples can be accounted for by equilibrium thermodynamic predictions

Most samples deviate from equilibrium expectations and can be accounted for by simulations of additional processes (e.g., fluid mixing)

Images of radio sources at the four bands were derived directly from VGOS broadband observations

Source structure effects in VGOS observations were modeled and verified

The alignments of the images at the various frequency bands were revealed to be very important in correcting source structure effects in VGOS observations

Multi-channel seismic data reveal stacked magma lenses within the crystal mush zone at the Juan de Fuca Ridge

Stacked lenses underlie the Axial Magma Lens within the melt-rich mid crust and span depths of the foliated gabbros in crustal exposures

Mid-crust magma lenses are interpreted to be ephemeral, formed by mush compaction and contributing magmas during eruption events

A highly resolved velocity model estimated a picture of the magma reservoir beneath felsic volcano

The upper part of the magma reservoir is at a 9-km depth with a highly crystallized mush structure

Water-rich zone dehydrated from the magma reservoir was developed at upper part of the reservoir

New model for the thermal structure of ultraslow ridges couples hydrothermal circulation with episodic sill emplacement

Hydrothermal convection in uppermost 6 km of lithosphere with thick boundary layer can explain cold thermal regime

High-output venting at ultraslow ridges likely requires transient shallow magmatic intrusions

Salient lateral variations of seismic anisotropy in the west Yunnan are revealed by shear-wave splitting analysis

The plume-strengthened western Yangtze Craton diverted the Cenozoic Tibetan mantle flow into the Three-River Orogenic Zone

The western edge of the Yangtze Craton has been partially eroded away and its fabric was remodeled to align with the mantle flow

Microseismicity is focused in the axial valley along the spreading axis and coincides with volcanic ridges and lava flows

An earthquake swarm is located at the stepover of two en echelon segments. The swarm is mainly controlled by tectonism

The brittle axial lithosphere is about 14 km thick, which is in agreement with mid-ocean ridges of similar spreading rates

Analysis of seismic and geodetic data sets across Canada reveals that only 20% or less of the accumulated strain is released by earthquakes

Glacial isostatic adjustment model can account for most of the discrepancy between the seismic and geodetic moment rates in eastern Canada, but not in western Canada

The recurrence time of large earthquakes in Canada varies from decades near the plate boundary to millenniums in the plate interior

Sharp increase of induced seismicity was primarily controlled by poroelastic loading on secondary southwest-dipping thrust faults

Slip tendency analyses reveal low reactivation potential of the largest Hutubi fault hydraulically connected to injection wells

The largest potential event would most likely occur on secondary faults in regions where poroelastic loading promotes frictional failure

We study the evolution of hydrate formation and dissociation on the acoustic anisotropy in an artificial sandstone with aligned fractures

The dependences of anisotropic velocities on hydrate saturation are smooth for hydrate dissociation but are distinct for hydrate formation

The anisotropic results suggest that hydrate floats in the fractures for saturation up to 10% and then bridges fractures during formation

We assess radially anisotropic features in 3-D tomographic models with full waveform modeling along with independent data

The data require an asymmetry in radial anisotropy at the East Pacific Rise possibly linked to flow beneath the South Pacific Superswell

Our new radial anisotropy constraints show a lateral age-dependence, which possibly reflects a change in flow from the horizontal direction

A 3-D isotropic Vs model beneath central Mongolia is constructed from Rayleigh waves and receiver functions

The model captures many features, including the Khövsgöl rift system, the Selenge–Gobi–Khanka belt, and the Taryatu-Chulutu volcanic field

Low-velocity anomalies in the mantle identify locations with possible partial melting and small-scale upwelling

Reports of Fe-Mg-O-Li isotopes of minerals in ophiolitic rocks

Fe, Mg, O, and Li isotope fractionations due to fluid immiscibility

A new model formation of stratiform and podiform chromitites in ophiolites

Electrical conductivity in texturally equilibrated brine-bearing forsterite aggregates was measured at 800°C and 1 GPa by a novel setup

Three-dimensional images were obtained by synchrotron X-ray computed tomography to precisely determine the fluid fractions and to visualize the fluid distribution

Above 1.0 vol.% fluid with 5 wt.% NaCl is required to explain the high conductivity anomalies above 0.01 S/m in deep fore-arc mantles

We develop a generative adversarial neural network model that is capable of synthesizing three-component waveforms of multiple labels

We validate the synthetic waveforms both visually and quantitatively through use of a machine-learning based earthquake classifier

We demonstrate that our synthetic waveforms can augment real seismic data to improve machine learning-based earthquake detection methods

We adapt a U-Net Convolutional Neural Network to automate fracture and fault mapping in optical images and topographic data

We provide a trained model M_Ref able to identify and map fractures and faults accurately in image data of various types and resolutions

We use M_Ref to analyze fault organization, patterns, densities, orientations and lengths in six fault sites in western USA

Individual GPS vertical crustal velocities are rigorously estimated in China

Spatial Structure Function enabled GPS imaging provides improved estimates of the crustal deformation in China

Combining GPS-derived velocity with GRACE-inferred deformation allows quantification of spatial patterns of tectonic block motions in China

We use convection models with plate motion history to constrain the mantle viscosity, both its relative variations and absolute values

Strong plates and weak plate margins with non-uniform viscosity are critical in reproducing the geoid and surface plate motion

The lower mantle viscosity is ∼1.3–2.5 × 10²² Pa⋅s and ∼30 and ∼600–1,000 times higher than that in the transition zone and asthenosphere