High frequency optical satellites can detect the acceleration precursory to the Achoma landslide failure

The acceleration follows a Voight law, classical of the tertiary creep of materials

The time-series of ground displacement may be used to predict the time-of-failure for pixels of total displacement larger than 5 m

Whistler waves were observed at an altitude of 0.39 Venus radii on Venus's nightside with planetward Poynting vector

Langmuir waves occurred simultaneously with the whistlers, suggesting electron beam driving with magnetotail origins

Lightning is eliminated as a possible generation mechanism for these whistler waves

Integration of high-resolution displacement maps from radar imagery captures plate coupling at fine scales

Estimates of plate coupling depend strongly on the time period over which surface velocities are measured

Temporal variations in plate coupling highlight when and where slow slip dominates the slip budget

Spectral analysis on meteor radar winds provides evidence of non-linear interaction between semidiurnal tide and quasi-20-day wave

Possible role of zonal wavenumber 2 stationary planetary wave in forcing zonally symmetric 20-day wave in the stratosphere

First observational evidence of two-step non-linear interaction associated with zonally symmetric planetary waves during major sudden stratospheric warmings

We propose a new explanation for the projected decrease in land relative humidity under anthropogenic warming

Complex and idealized simulations show that interactive soil moisture (SM) is necessary and sufficient for anthropogenic warming to dry the land

Interactive SM allows prior imbalance in evaporation and precipitation increases to dry the land independent of ocean influence

We report a simultaneous equatorial electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) wave event with the butterfly PADs of electrons

The Saturnian ECH waves can resonate with ∼10 eV to several keV electrons at <60° pitch angles

The formation of ∼100 eV to ∼1 keV electron butterfly PADs is attributed to the scattering of electrons induced by ECH waves

The South Qiangtang block was located at ∼30°N in the Late Triassic

In the Permo-Triassic the South Qiangtang block drifted rapidly northward at ∼13.4 cm/yr

The Longmuco-Shuanghu Ocean closed no later than ca. 222 Ma

¹⁴C aging of deep dissolved organic carbon (DOC) northward is not similar to that of deep dissolved inorganic carbon, showing that transport of deep water is not the main control of ¹⁴C in DOC

Variability of deep DOC ¹⁴C indicates heterogeneity in the DOC pool, perhaps by dissolution of surface-derived, particulate organic C

Low DOC δ¹³C in deep water from two stations may suggest a source of chemosynthetically produced organic matter

An adiabatic link is identified between the overturning circulations across the two major trans-basin mooring sections

Seasonality of the subpolar North Atlantic overturning circulation is likely caused by the adiabatic process downstream

The Labrador Sea accommodates the main forcing of the adiabatic overturning variability in the subpolar gyre region

For 3 months, a state-of-the-art AUV monitored the development of an intra-thermocline eddy (ITE) in terms of vertical transects

Novel anisotropy analysis was developed and revealed interactions between eddy anisotropy and mean-flow strain in barotropic instability

The anisotropic partitioning of the ITE at different stages helped gain kinetic energy from the mean flow

Global mean sea level rose by 15 mm over June 2014 – May 2016

80% of this rise had a mass origin (12 mm) and 20% had an ocean warming origin (3 mm)

The terrestrial water storage change in the Amazon basin (5 mm) contributed to one third of the substantial sea level rise

Spaceborne Solar-Induced Fluorescence (SIF) data was used to analyze soil moisture-related vegetation stress regimes in northern peatlands

For most locations, waterlogging as well as drought stress regimes occurred and alternated depending on peatland water level dynamics

The SIF-based stress response observations are supported by in situ data of Gross Primary Production

Elastic radiation of analogue experimental volcanic subsonic to supersonic jets was compared against high-speed shadowgraph analysis

We quantified variation in the spectral features, energy partitioning and jet structure due to differences in conduit roughness

Different behavior in subsonic versus supersonic regime was observed due to distinct dominating noise sources at different roughness

With more extreme rainfall, the extreme precipitation features tend to grow in horizontal size from the meso-γ- to meso-β-scale

Overlap between extreme precipitation and extreme convection increases substantially with more extreme rainfall

Enhanced mixed-phase processes, larger liquid/ice water contents, slight changes in liquid-phase processes are with more extreme rainfall

Magnetic fields associated with spacecraft transit or certain laboratory procedures may impart lunar samples with magnetic overprints

We find such magnetic contamination can be successfully cleaned from nearly all samples, enabling reliable paleointensity determinations

The modern lunar paleointensity record reflects magnetization acquired on the Moon from ancient dynamo fields or impact-related fields

We present a new agent-based model for simulating barchan dune dynamics in terms of their two flanks, able to capture dune asymmetry

With one fundamental principle of overlapping flanks, the model reproduces all known dune collision types, asymmetry phenomena, and calving

We have mapped the phase-space of collision types as a function of initial conditions and a key lateral-flux parameter

Intermittent structures are identified in Saturn's magnetosphere based on partial variance of increment technique

Electron temperature has a rising trend as the intermittency increases, indicating the occurrence of intermittent electron heating

Turbulence heating rate increases as intermittent density rises, implying a contribution of intermittent structure to turbulence heating

For the first time, we image a reflected Moho cut by the Red River Fault (RRF) structure under the Yinggehai Basin (YB), South China Sea

The RRF in the YB is inferred to be a deep-penetrating fault, most likely cutting through the Moho boundary

The RRF was inferred to be a large-scale shear zone accommodating the Indochina Block extrusion during Oligocene-early Miocene

We hypothesize the wet antecedent soil moisture re-intensified Hurricane Florence

We found that Hurricane Florence was re-intensified by wet antecedent soils, leading to intense and concentrated rainfall

We found that cold antecedent soils impair the Brown Ocean effect in Hurricane Florence

We have analyzed the navigability of the Mississippi River System (MRS) since 1963

The MRS navigability has reduced and become more fragmented in recent decades, especially in response to generally higher water levels

The cobalt flux to pelagic sediments reflects heightened sources associated with Oxygen Deficient Zones

In Equatorial Pacific sediments, cobalt flux increased by ∼40% during the Last Glacial Period, compared to the Holocene

Oxygen Deficient Zones likely expanded during the previous two glacial periods

CloudSat-MODIS synthesized estimates of warm cloud liquid water path/content (CLWP/CLWC) are used to evaluate three CMIP6 model subsets

CLWP/CLWC are simulated well with separately-calculated radiative effects of cloud ice and falling ice over subtropical and tropical Pacific

Produce too much liquid water above 750 hPa over the trade-wind regions in subsets with cloud ice only or total frozen ice radiative effects

Climate models predict an eastern equatorial Pacific warming pattern in the tropical Pacific by the end of the 21st century

We use partially coupled climate simulations to assess contributions of wind stress, shortwave, and evaporative feedbacks to this pattern

Weakening of surface wind stress is found to be a major factor leading to a reduced zonal SST gradient over the tropical Pacific

Majority (>98%) of western United States postfire debris flows occurred when leaf area index was less than 2/3 of typical prefire values

Total recovery of vegetation not necessary to inhibit debris flows

Remotely sensed postfire vegetation state useful to evaluate elevated debris-flow susceptibility with time

A novel map of dominant controlling factors for low-level oceanic cloud fraction reveals regionally varying patterns

Subtropical and extratropical low clouds depend on stability, but the dominant stability metric varies by region, challenging models

Surface wind speed dominates in cumulus-dominated regions, sensible heat fluxes dominate in western boundary current regions in winter

The shallow opening of an ocean gateway leads to an abrupt onset of a deep-reaching overturning circulation

The deep-reaching overturning circulation is a consequence of standing meanders allowing for full-depth vertical heat transport

Further deepening of the gateway leads to a weaker overturning due to a decrease in heat transport toward southern convection regions

A deep learning (DL) based approach is developed to reconstruct the ocean vertical velocity

Using the modeled sea surface height (SSH) as input, the DL approach outperforms the dynamic-based method

The DL approach has the potential to improve the retrieval of real-time vertical velocity field along the SWOT swaths

Antarctic atmospheric perchlorate ($$) concentration at different locations exhibits a clear seasonal cycle

The highest concentration in autumn is likely related to $$ produced in the stratosphere in spring and summer

Major source of $$ in spring and summer is tropospheric formation influenced by both oxidants and environmental conditions

A reconnecting electron-scale current sheet is observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) in mixing plasma along the trailing edge of a Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex

Realistic 2.5D fully-kinetic simulation shows reasonable agreement with MMS data

Consistencies between the simulation and MMS indicate a temporal evolution of the reconnecting current sheet

Precipitation can act as a source for particles of varying sizes depending on the environment, reflecting diverse underlying mechanisms

Recycling cloud-processed material influences near-surface particle concentrations, emphasizing its relevance for climate model implementation

Studying the time-dependent instead of total accumulated precipitation elucidates direct versus indirect effects on aerosol populations

Porewater parameters from 153 sites of the northern South China Sea were evaluated to quantify the extent of authigenic carbonate formation

Rate of carbonate formation strongly correlates with diffusive flux of sulfate into sediments affected by methane diffusion

A correlation of carbonate formation rate with sulfate flux is used to quantify most of authigenic carbonate formation in shallow sediments

Simultaneous global ionospheric disturbances (SGDs) are often observed even during minor solar and geomagnetic disturbances

SGDs occur predominately on dayside and are related to penetration electric fields (PEFs) of solar wind and geomagnetic disturbance origin

Global GNSS networks offer a novel and effective technique for continuous PEF monitoring, providing rich data sets for further study

Global warming reduces integrated Subarctic Atlantic biological production while increasing its interannual and multidecadal variability

Production variability increases because wintertime surface nutrient variability increases

Nutrient variability increases because it becomes more sensitive to variability in meridional overturning and winter mixing

Direction and magnitude of ocean currents beneath an Larsen C ice shelf affect the ice shelf water thickness and properties

Northward meltwater advection causes 0.052°C difference of thermal drivings with different melt rates far from and near the grounding line

Ocean heat intrusion to ice shelf base is induced by Ekman dynamics and thermohaline interleaving by tilted isopycnals

We quantified annual TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)-derived NO_x emissions from point sources corresponding to copper/cobalt mines, despite high background values

Annual emissions from individual point sources are strongly correlated with annual production from colocated single mines, one oil refinery

TROPOMI is relevant to monitoring air quality and mining/industrial production in remote regions where these activities are growing rapidly

The southwest summer monsoon (SWSM)-related moisture supplies regulate the emergence of the Yangtze flooding during June–July

Along with the flooding appearances, the moisture supplies from the Northwest Pacific to the Yangtze River valley decrease

Stronger advective transport and in-stratus condensations of the SWSM-related moisture avail the larger flooding in 2020 than in 1998

Both Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) show oscillatory responses for up to 8 years following strong tropical volcanic eruptions

These eruptions induce a negative IOD followed by a positive IOD, and this response scales with eruption intensity

Initial Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation phasing at time of eruption influences the post-eruption response via low-frequency thermocline depth modulation

A new method of 3-D adjoint tomography for receiver function inversion is developed

Lateral heterogeneities of crust and uppermost mantle can be well resolved by this method

The method reveals vertically extending low-velocity zones under the Red River Fault due to mantle upwelling

The mean westward circumpolar motion of Jupiter's northern and southern polar cyclones is analyzed and explained by the β-drift effect

Simulations show that the “center of mass” of a group of cyclones behaves like one equivalent cyclone, moving poleward-westward under β-drift

This center-of-mass approach is applied to the Juno data, implying that the cyclones' collective β-drift drives their observed westward drift

Net accumulation measured in shallow ice cores, adjusted for sublimation/deposition, constrains climatological precipitation over ice sheets

ERA5 and MERRA-2 precipitation fields over Greenland are highly correlated (r² > 0.95) with in situ measurements of net accumulation

Other widely used reanalyses (WFDE5, CRUNCEP, and GSWP3) are unfit for studies of ice sheet surface mass balance

Stream network branching angles vary systematically with the degree to which streams lose water to, or gain water from, nearby aquifers

Stream branching angles correlate more strongly with streams' losing/gaining status than with other controls on stream network geometry

These continental-scale observations highlight the potential contribution of groundwater to the development of drainage patterns

Plio-Pleistocene changes in the hydrogen stable isotopic signature of leaf waxes from Southern Africa are linked to Benguela temperatures

Higher frequency shifts in the record are likely driven by Indian Ocean temperatures via a mechanism observed in the modern

Isotope-enabled simulations suggest that capturing this mechanism may be key to accurately simulating past and future regional hydroclimate

Aerosol-induced absorptive-heating increases stratospheric water vapor (SWV) by up to 17% at 18 months post-eruption in a Pinatubo-like experiment

Analyzing simulations by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability show an 80% larger peak SWV increase occurs if an eruption is followed by a La Niña phase

The timing of peak SWV increase occurs when volcanic-aerosol-induced heating reaches the tropopause, with ENSO modulation of tropical upwelling

A augmented model is proposed to simulate the propagation of planetary scale Lamb waves, incorporating wind, temperature and topography

Winds play a primary role shaping Lamb waves in the far field, especially near the antipode of the source

The augmented Lamb wave model will help better assess far-field volcanic tsunami hazards

Tropical cyclone fullness can serve as a reliable indicator of the distribution of very deep convection

Storms with lower fullness have a higher mean R34 growth rate over a 24-hr period

More intense convection occurred around R34 in storms with lower fullness, which promotes the growth of R34

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) atmospheric lifetime of 2.1 ± 1.3 years and lowermost stratospheric lifetime of 47 ± 16 years were determined

Total flux of OCS into the stratosphere estimated as 137 GgS a⁻¹, of which 60% is estimated to be transported back into the troposphere

The lower back transport estimate might explain the current missing stratospheric sulfate aerosol burden

The escalation of fire in Northeast China during the past decade is strongly linked with the decline of Bering Sea ice concentration

Weakened vertical wind shear, the high-pressure center and northerly winds induced by warmer Bering Sea might explain the teleconnection

This linkage could potentially be intensified in a warmer world

In Saturn's injection flux tubes, charged particles often show distinct energy-dispersive or dispersionless signals depending on pitch angle

The unexpected, energy-dispersionless features for perpendicular-moving particles are formed by their trapping motion within the flux tubes

The bouncing particles can hardly be trapped, and therefore, exhibit the characteristic energy dispersion and particle leaking signatures

For the first time, an exact kinetic magnetotail equilibrium is used to model magnetospheric substorm onset

Comparing 2D and 3D simulations reveals the importance of the coupling between magnetic reconnection and the kinetic ballooning instability

Self-consistent particle trajectories are analyzed for the first time in a realistic fully kinetic magnetotail configuration

An improved reservoir, geomechanical, and seismicity modeling workflow is proposed for forecasting induced seismicity at various timescales

Short-timescale stress variations allow constraining the characteristics of the earthquake nucleation process using Groningen as case study

Initial strength excess and finite duration of the nucleation process allow reproducing long-and-short timescale characteristics of seismicity

A large-scale, south-flowing fluvial system drained through the Ninglang Basin during the middle Eocene

The demise of the Ninglang Basin in the late Eocene resulted from the uplift of the Yalong-Yulong thrust belt

The elevated terrain of eastern Tibet was initially formed in the late Eocene