Ocean surface wind is estimated from ocean surface wave spectrum information measured by a small GPS buoy

Ocean surface wind is estimated from ocean surface waves for both bay and open ocean conditions

The newly proposed method improves the accuracy of wind speed and direction estimations from ocean surface waves

Melting of Pine Island Ice Shelf is sensitive to calving because of a seabed ridge beneath it which restricts warm water access to the shelf

The melt response to calving has a strong sensitivity to the cavity geometry and results primarily from circulation changes

Calving may be an important contribution to the ice-ocean sensitivity of the Antarctic Ice Sheet

In the absence of deep convection events, the O₂-depleted layer spreads vertically and intensifies more in the Ligurian than Gulf of Lion.

Nutrients increase in deep and to a lesser extent in intermediate waters with a decoupling between nitrate and phosphate trends.

Dissolved inorganic carbon increases in intermediate and deep waters with a concurrent pH decrease over the period of study, 2012-2020.

A novel ascending microstructure profiler successfully measured dissipation rates to within 1 m under the sea ice

Dissipation rate estimates in the Arctic Ocean during the MOSAiC drift varied by more than 4 orders of magnitude

A representative range of ice-ocean drag coefficient for the MOSAiC sampling site was (4–6) × 10⁻³

An improved sea ice concentration retrieval algorithm based on weather–corrected brightness temperatures at 89 GHz is developed

Weather influences particularly from cloud liquid water are reduced, lowering the retrieval uncertainty by one order of magnitude

Noise in ice concentration caused by the atmosphere is much reduced over consolidated ice

Measurements from 3 buoys used to validate surface meteorology in the ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses over the Weddell Sea

Both reanalyses represent variability well but have a warm bias in surface air temperature

Warm bias may result from the simplified representation of sea ice in the reanalysis models

Ice-tethered measurements in 2008, 2015 and 2017 in the Makarov Basin highlight changes in the upper and lower halocline properties

The cold Atlantic-derived lower halocline progressed eastward along the East Siberian slope reaching the Chukchi Borderland

The Makarov Basin lower halocline was increasingly supplied with warmer water resulting from the mixing of Atlantic water with shelf water

The asymmetry of mesoscale eddy induces O (10^12) W onshore heat transport and O(10^4) kg/s salt transport

The asymmetric flow of mesoscale eddy is mainly caused by the asymmetry of potential vorticity

The asymmetry of PV is primarily induced by eddy-current interaction in Dongsha Islands and topographic beta effect in Xisha Islands

A morphodynamic model was developed to explore feedbacks between Arctic continental shelves and growing sea states related to sea-ice losses

On a higher-relief shelf section, stronger waves drove offshore sediment transport and mid-shelf deposition which regulated wave energy

A lower-relief shelf section was relatively insensitive to morphologic adjustment under larger waves due to effective wave attenuation