Our simulations suggest that the tripolar precipitation pattern in monsoonal China likely occurs on orbital timescales.

The boreal summer insolation is the dominant forcing for the intensity of East Asian summer monsoon on orbital time scales.

This study emphasizes the high complexities in hydroclimatic conditions in monsoonal China throughout the past glacial‐interglacial cycles.

The summertime AOC over the BTH area is assessed combining a field campaign and WRF‐Chem simulation.

OH radical contributes about 68% of the daily average AOC in Beijing, followed by O₃ (27%) and NO₃ (5%).

Population hourly or afternoon average O₃ and O_x (=O₃+NO₂) concentrations constitute potential simplified tracers for the AOC level.

Eastern China suffered extensive precipitation deficits in September‐October 2019, the worst record in the recent four decades.

This severe drought was attributed to the exceptional long‐lasting MJO activities in Phases 8 and 1 for 32 days, triple that of climatology.

This extraordinary MJO activity is also responsible for the absence in traditional impacts of Pacific warming on the Indian Ocean.

The fine mode aerosols exhibited strong absorption in summer in the western TP.

The absorption of atmospheric aerosols in summer in the western TP might be significantly underestimated at present.

Anthropogenic activities had a large impact on the aerosol concentrations and properties in summer in the western TP.

The areas occupied by tropical, arid, and temperate climates have increased, but the opposite trends have occurred in cold and polar climates from the LGM to the present.

Temperature played a dominant role in the changing climate types from the LGM to the present, while precipitation has been increasingly important since the late Holocene.

The qualitative comparison between the reconstructed vegetation estimated from pollen records and simulated vegetation inferred from Köppen climate types displays consistency in the variation trends over China.

Conjunctions between Van Allen Probes and FIREBIRD II enable novel estimates of atmospheric electron precipitation.

Estimates of electron precipitation from Van Allen Probes suggest CMIP6 may underestimate atmospheric ionization from 60 to 70 km.

Direct production of NO_x by precipitating electrons during March 2013 using this new method suggest 40% enhancements from 60 to 70 km.

We present new measurement‐based evidence of the contribution of new particle formation to climate‐relevant aerosols in the Western Himalaya

New particle formation occurred frequently in the pre‐monsoon (March‐May) season

New particle formation rates were higher for clean events than polluted events

Atmospheric boundary layer height is studied using radar wind profilers and slab models in two contrasting ecosystems over annual time scales

Atmospheric subsidence and cold‐air advection limit the growth of the boundary layer during the summer in Northern California

Land‐cover‐mediated changes in atmospheric boundary layer height are important but muted by strong subsidence and advection

The ENSO–atmospheric river (AR) relationship depends on ENSO index, with enhanced landfalling AR activity during extreme El Niño

MJO leads to significant landfalling AR and precipitation anomalies in large‐ensembles, but observations are too short to show this signal

ENSO modulates the MJO–AR relationship, thus consideration of concurrent climate modes could improve seasonal hydroclimate prediction

Impacts of ammonia uptake mechanism on particle matters over China are presented and analyzed.

The reduction of gas‐phase NH3 engenders a decrease of ammonium nitrate but has little impact on the ammonium sulfate concentration.

The inclusion of ammonia uptake mechanism shows moderate changes in aerosol acidity and small effects on SOA formation.