Geophysical Research Letters

Volume 34, Issue 7
Oceans
Free Access

Impact of elevated CO2 on shellfish calcification

Frédéric Gazeau

E-mail address:f.gazeau@nioo.knaw.nl

Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Yerseke, Netherlands

Search for more papers by this author
Christophe Quiblier

Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Yerseke, Netherlands

Search for more papers by this author
Jeroen M. Jansen

Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Yerseke, Netherlands

Search for more papers by this author
Jean‐Pierre Gattuso

Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France

Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, Villefranche‐sur‐Mer, France

Search for more papers by this author
Jack J. Middelburg

Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Yerseke, Netherlands

Search for more papers by this author
Carlo H. R. Heip

Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Yerseke, Netherlands

Search for more papers by this author
First published: 06 April 2007
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028554
Cited by: 278

Abstract

[1] Ocean acidification resulting from human emissions of carbon dioxide has already lowered and will further lower surface ocean pH. The consequent decrease in calcium carbonate saturation potentially threatens calcareous marine organisms. Here, we demonstrate that the calcification rates of the edible mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) decline linearly with increasing pCO2. Mussel and oyster calcification may decrease by 25 and 10%, respectively, by the end of the century, following the IPCC IS92a scenario (∼740 ppmv in 2100). Moreover, mussels dissolve at pCO2 values exceeding a threshold value of ∼1800 ppmv. As these two species are important ecosystem engineers in coastal ecosystems and represent a large part of worldwide aquaculture production, the predicted decrease of calcification in response to ocean acidification will probably have an impact on coastal biodiversity and ecosystem functioning as well as potentially lead to significant economic loss.

1. Introduction

[2] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) ranging from 490 to 1,250 ppmv in 2100, depending on the socio‐economic scenario considered [Prentice et al., 2001]. Because one third of anthropogenic CO2 emissions has been stored in the oceans, ocean pH has already declined by 0.1 unit compared with pre‐industrial values [Orr et al., 2005] and is predicted to decrease by another 0.4 unit by the end of the century [Caldeira and Wickett, 2003]. Seawater acidification will lead to a shift in inorganic carbon equilibria towards higher CO2 and lower carbonate ion (CO32−) concentrations. The carbonate ion is one of the building blocks of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and changes in its ambient concentration can thus affect the ability of calcifying organisms to precipitate CaCO3.

[3] Indeed, marine organisms such as coral reefs, foraminifera, coralline algae and mollusks can produce calcareous skeletons or shells following the simplified reaction:

equation image
As, at a constant salinity, calcium concentration is rather constant in the ocean, the calcification process mainly depends on the availability of CO32−. The calcium carbonate saturation state:
equation image
where K'sp is the stoichiometric solubility product (dependent on temperature, salinity, pressure and on the considered mineral phase: calcite, aragonite or high‐magnesian calcite) will therefore decrease although, the surface ocean will remain almost entirely supersaturated (Ω > 1) with respect to calcite and aragonite, the only exception being Ωaragonite in cold waters [Orr et al., 2005].

[4] Several experiments have shown a reduction of calcification and size at elevated pCO2 in corals, coralline algae, coccolithophorids and foraminifera [Agegian, 1985; Bijma et al., 1999; Leclercq et al., 2000; Riebesell et al., 2000; Langdon and Atkinson, 2005]. Few studies have investigated the detrimental effect of acidic waters on bivalves [Bamber, 1990; Michaelidis et al., 2005; Berge et al., 2006] and none investigated the response of calcification to pCO2 levels within the range of values projected by IPCC.

2. Material and Methods

[5] Juvenile and adult specimen of Mytilus edulis and Crassostrea gigas were collected at low tide in Paulinapolder (Western Scheldt estuary) and near Yerseke (Eastern Scheldt estuary), respectively. In the laboratory, individuals were cleaned and stored in bags placed in situ in front of the laboratory (Eastern Scheldt). Experiments took place in May/June 2006 and July 2006 for mussels and oysters respectively. About 400 g of fresh weight (shell + tissue; g FW) of mussels and 1000 g FW of oysters were placed in two 10 L aquaria. Each aquarium was linked to a 10 L buffering tank as shown on Figure 1, in which CO2‐free air (outside air with CO2 removed using soda lime) was bubbled. Water circulation between the tanks and the aquaria was performed by pumps with a capacity of 10 L min−1. Aquaria and equilibration tanks were filled with water from the Eastern Scheldt (salinity of 30), 50% of the total volume was replaced every day. The temperature of the experimental room was maintained constant at 20°C. Bivalves were fed daily on a commercial mixture composed of Isochrysis (25%), Palova (20%), Tetraselmis (20%) and Thalassiosira weissflogii (35%; Shellfish diet 1800; Reed Mariculture).

image
Figure 1
Open in figure viewerPowerPoint
Experimental set‐up used in this study. See text for details.

[6] In the chambers, pCO2 and O2 concentrations increased and decreased, respectively, due to the respiration of the organisms. CO2‐free air bubbling was modulated to set the pCO2 at the desired value and to keep oxygen concentrations near saturation. One tank was maintained at a pCO2 of 600 ± 100 ppmv by strong bubbling (600 ppmv is the ambient average pCO2 in the Eastern Scheldt during the periods of investigation; data not shown), while in the other set‐up, air‐bubbling was modulated to fix the pCO2 at the desired level. Series of two or three incubations were performed daily by isolating the incubation chambers from contact with the equilibration chambers. Incubations lasted for 2 hours and were performed in parallel in the two experimental set‐ups. At the start of the experiments, the first incubation served as a comparison between the two set‐ups at approximately the same pCO2 (∼600–700 ppmv). Rates of calcification of both mussels and oysters were similar in the two tanks eliminating the possibility of a strong natural variability between the two incubated populations. A water sample (200 mL) was taken before and after each incubation to measure pH and total alkalinity (TA). pH was measured immediately after sampling using a combined electrode (Metrohm) calibrated daily with NBS buffers and TA was measured in triplicate within 1 day by Gran electro‐titration on 10 mL GF/F filtered samples. pCO2 was computed from pH and TA using the thermodynamic constants of Mehrbach et al. [1973] and a DOS‐based CO2 software (developed by Michel Frankignoulle). The saturation solubility products for calcite and aragonite were taken from Morse et al. [1980].

[7] Net calcification rates (G in mmol CaCO3 g FW−1 h−1) were estimated using the alkalinity anomaly technique [Smith and Key, 1975] following the equation:

equation image
Where ΔTA is the variation of TA during the incubations in meq g FW−1 h−1. This technique is based on the fact that the precipitation of 1 mole of CaCO3 consumes 2 moles of HCO3−, therefore decreasing TA by 2 equivalents Incubations of 2 h were sufficient to observe significant changes of TA (ΔTA values ranged from −74 to 22 μeq L−1). During the incubations, respiration and calcification caused pH and pCO2 to decrease and increase, respectively (mean ΔpH = −0.22 ± 0.05 and mean ΔpCO2 = 579 ± 311 ppmv). Therefore, we report pH and pCO2 values averaged over the 2 h incubation period.

3. Results and Discussion

[8] The calcification rates of the edible mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) exhibit a strong decline as a function of decreasing pH, increasing pCO2 and decreasing [CO32−] (Figures 2a, 2b, and 2c). Excretion of ammonium resulting from the catabolism of organic nitrogen potentially causes an increase in TA by 1 equivalent per mole. Bayne and Widdows [1978] and Okumus and Stirling [1994] reported ammonium excretion rates for Mytilus edulis of ∼15 μg per g of tissue dry weight. Moreover, Michaelidis et al. [2005] reported an ammonium excretion increase of ∼150% under hypercapnia conditions (pH = 7.3). Based on their results, a ΔTA increase of ∼1 μeq kg−1 h−1 between low and high pCO2 conditions can be expected (assuming a tissue dry weight: FW ratio of 5%) which is insignificant with regard to the ΔTA variations observed in the present study (difference of ∼50 μeq kg−1 h−1 between low and high pCO2 conditions). Hypoxia and hypercapnia can lead to a metabolic stress for the organisms. In our study, oxygen concentrations were always kept near saturation values at the start of the incubations and respiration rates (measured on six occasions with pCO2 ranging from 700 to 2000 ppmv; data not shown) did not reveal any significant effect of hypercapnia on this process. Results clearly highlight a dependency of calcification rates on pCO2 and [CO32−] values for both species, although oysters appeared to be far less sensitive than mussels as shown by the lower slope of the lines between either pCO2 or [CO32−] and net calcification. This can be partly explained by their different shell mineralogy, as the shell of Crassostrea gigas is mainly composed of calcite [Stenzel, 1963], while the shell of Mytilus edulis can contain up to 83% of aragonite [Hubbard et al., 1981]. Tables 1 and 2 list the parameters measured during each incubation (pH and TA), computed pCO2 and CO32− concentrations, as well as the computed calcite and aragonite saturation states. During the mussel experiments, the water was never undersaturated with regard to calcite whereas at pCO2 values higher than ∼2000 ppmv (assuming TA = 2.5 meq kg−1, S = 30 and T = 20°C), dissolution of aragonite might thermodynamically have occurred (Ω < 1). Mussels dissolved at pCO2 values exceeding a threshold value of ∼1800 ppmv. TA values were significantly higher during the oyster experiment and even at the highest pCO2 values, the water was never undersaturated with regard to aragonite and calcite. Although in these two experiments, both aragonite and calcite saturation states were, most of the time, above one, a clear impact of increasing pCO2 and decreasing CO32− concentrations on net calcification was highlighted for these two species. Previous studies reported a decline of the calcification rate of benthic molluscs at pH values often lower than those expected in the present century [Bamber, 1990; Michaelidis et al., 2005; Berge et al., 2006]. They showed that these organisms were capable of maintaining a constant internal pH by decreasing their metabolic rates and/or dissolving their shell; the shell acting then as a source of CO32−. Berge et al. [2006] showed that the growth of Mytilus edulis at pH levels of 7.4 and 7.6 was not significantly different from growth at normal pH 8.1. The apparently contradictory results between our study and Berge et al. [2006] can be explained in a number of non‐exclusive ways. First, it is obvious that the incubation times used in our study did not allow any potential adaptation by the organisms in comparison to the 45 days incubation period of Berge et al. [2006]. As mentioned previously, Bamber [1990] and Michaelidis et al. [2005] reported a decline of metabolic activity (e.g. respiration rates) under hypercapnic conditions over longer incubation periods (> 1 month), which was not found in our study. A decrease in respiration implies a decrease of internal pCO2 and therefore an increase of the capacity of the organism to fix CaCO3. Second, the methods used in the two studies differ significantly. Berge et al. [2006] only measured shell length increments, while a reduction of the shell thickness, and consequent decrease of shell weight is very likely [Bamber, 1990]. The alkalinity anomaly technique is much more sensitive and appropriate for relatively short term studies (1 month or less) during which increments of length and weight are difficult to measure. It is also important to note that, in our study, pCO2 and pH strongly increased and decreased respectively during the 2 h incubations. Future studies should test the possibility of using shorter incubation times and/or smaller biomass to limit this disturbance. More results on shell growth of these species under expected marine pH conditions by 2100 are therefore strongly needed. Following our results, with regard to calcification rates estimated from the relationships for a pCO2 of 380 ppmv, mussel and oyster calcification may decrease by 25 and 10% respectively by the end of the century, following the IPCC IS92a scenario (∼740 ppmv in 2100).

image
Figure 2
Open in figure viewerPowerPoint
Relationships between mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) calcification per unit fresh weight and (a) partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), (b) carbonate ions concentration ([CO32−]) and (c) pH. Errors bars represent the standard deviations calculated from the triplicate measurements of TA. On the upper panel, corresponding atmospheric pCO2 values predicted by several IPCC socio‐economic scenarios for the year 2100 are indicated. The lines represent linear fits; the coefficient of determination and its statistical significance are indicated.
Table 1. Average pH (NBS Scale), Total Alkalinity (TA in meq kg−1), Partial Pressure of CO2 (pCO2 in ppmv), Carbonate Ion Concentrations (CO32− in mmol kg−1) and Saturation States of the Water Regarding Aragonite and Calcite Minerals (Ωaragonite and Ωcalcite Respectively), During the Two Hour Incubations for Mytilus Edulis (Salinity: 30; 20°C)a
pH TA pCO2 [CO32−] Ωaragonite Ωcalcite G
8.13 2.421 421 0.189 3.4 6.3 0.37
8.09 2.573 493 0.189 3.4 6.3 0.42
8.04 2.537 552 0.171 3.1 5.7 0.34
8.02 2.636 614 0.168 3.0 5.6 0.46
7.96 2.569 645 0.160 2.9 5.4 0.43
7.98 2.556 651 0.154 2.8 5.2 0.22
7.97 2.556 671 0.150 2.7 5.0 0.19
7.93 2.590 709 0.151 2.7 5.2 0.35
7.81 2.008 733 0.094 1.7 3.9 0.38
7.92 2.515 756 0.133 2.4 4.5 0.23
7.92 2.272 849 0.103 1.9 3.4 0.31
7.91 2.588 763 0.141 2.5 4.7 0.32
7.87 2.562 831 0.130 2.3 4.4 0.21
7.87 2.494 832 0.123 2.2 4.1 0.16
7.85 2.473 865 0.117 2.1 3.9 0.13
7.77 2.383 893 0.115 2.1 3.9 0.36
7.81 2.592 981 0.117 2.1 3.9 0.27
7.81 2.626 1010 0.116 2.1 3.9 0.25
7.77 2.482 1043 0.102 1.8 3.4 0.14
7.76 2.581 1106 0.105 1.9 3.5 0.19
7.74 2.565 1172 0.098 1.8 3.3 0.14
7.72 2.607 1204 0.101 1.8 3.4 0.20
7.66 2.417 1315 0.082 1.5 2.7 0.13
7.64 2.641 1453 0.089 1.6 3.0 0.11
7.63 2.633 1461 0.089 1.6 3.0 0.01
7.47 2.091 1632 0.055 1.0 1.9 0.03
7.60 2.625 1713 0.075 1.3 2.5 −0.05
7.52 2.534 1956 0.063 1.1 2.1 0.13
7.46 2.344 2010 0.054 1.0 1.8 −0.14
7.46 2.546 2351 0.053 1.0 1.8 0.00
  • a Calcification rates (G in mmol CaCO3 g FW−1 h−1) are also presented.
Table 2. Average pH (NBS Scale), Total Alkalinity (TA in meq kg−1), Partial Pressure of CO2 (pCO2 in ppmv), Carbonate Ion Concentrations (CO32− in mmol kg−1) and Saturation States of the Water Regarding Aragonite and Calcite Minerals (Ωaragonite and Ωcalcite Respectively), During the Two Hour Incubations for Crassostrea Gigas (Salinity: 30; 20°C)a
pH TA pCO2 [CO32−] Ωaragonite Ωcalcite G
8.07 2.740 698 0.170 3.1 5.7 0.30
8.06 2.645 705 0.160 2.9 5.3 0.23
8.04 2.742 761 0.160 2.9 5.4 0.23
8.04 2.742 762 0.157 2.8 5.3 0.22
8.04 2.727 782 0.161 2.9 5.4 0.28
8.02 2.722 811 0.155 2.8 5.2 0.24
8.00 2.788 861 0.147 2.7 4.9 0.22
7.92 2.710 1063 0.126 2.3 4.2 0.24
7.90 2.968 1106 0.131 2.4 4.4 0.26
7.92 2.811 1206 0.134 2.4 4.5 0.25
7.88 2.892 1222 0.123 2.2 4.1 0.25
7.86 2.684 1247 0.114 2.1 3.8 0.25
7.86 2.779 1258 0.115 2.1 3.8 0.28
7.77 2.694 1575 0.094 1.7 3.1 0.17
7.72 2.667 1724 0.083 1.1 2.0 0.15
7.69 2.659 1762 0.074 1.3 2.5 0.08
7.68 2.695 1938 0.076 1.4 2.5 0.10
7.65 2.785 2183 0.076 1.4 2.5 0.15
7.57 2.816 2564 0.062 1.1 2.1 0.14
7.55 2.736 2774 0.060 1.1 2.0 0.16
  • a Calcification rates (G in mmol CaCO3 g FW−1 h−1) are also presented.

[9] Since Broecker and Takahashi [1966] suggested a dependency of calcification rates on CaCO3 saturation state in the Bahama Banks, numerous experimental studies have investigated the effect of an increase of pCO2 (decrease of CO32−) on the calcification rates of calcareous organisms. Langdon and Atkinson [2005] reviewed projected declines of coral calcification for a doubling atmospheric pCO2 scenario and reported a wide range (1–80%). Moreover, with regard to heterotrophic organisms such as mollusks, a concomitant increase in seawater temperature will hypothetically lead to an increase of respiration rates and therefore accentuate the effect of increasing atmospheric pCO2. Recently, Langer et al. [2006] observed that the effect of increasing CO2 on coccolithophorids differs from one species to another and suggested that the notion of a linear relationship of calcification with the carbonate ion concentration and CaCO3 saturation state has to be reconsidered. More importantly, based on the analysis of sediment cores covering a period from the last glacial maximum to preindustrial times, they showed that some species are certainly able to adapt their calcification mechanism to the change in carbonate chemistry. Although this hypothesis may be true for fast‐growing and genetically diverse species, this still has to be investigated for higher organisms.

[10] With an average annual increase of 7.9% over the last 30 years, global shellfish production reached 11.7 million tons (Total fresh weight = soft tissue + shell) in 2002, corresponding to a commercial value of US$10.5 billion [Food and Agriculture Organization, 2004]. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was the most cultivated species in 2002 with a volume of 4.2 millions tons or 10.8% of the total world aquaculture production while mussel production represented 1.4 million tons (3.6% of total production). The predicted decrease of calcification in response to ocean acidification will most certainly cause a significant economic loss. Besides these direct shellfish harvesting losses, there are also indirect ecosystem services losses which are more difficult to quantify. Mussels and oysters are ecosystem engineers governing energy and nutrient flows in coastal ecosystems, providing habitats for many benthic organisms and constitute important resources for birds [Gutiérrez et al., 2003]. Any future decline of these species may thus have major consequences for coastal biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services. Juvenile bivalves are even more sensitive to ocean acidification and their high mortality rates have been already linked to calcium carbonate dissolution [Green et al., 2004].

[11] In order to accurately assess socio‐economic and ecological impacts of ocean acidification, it is urgent to investigate the adaptive response of calcareous organisms to long‐term CO2 enrichment and the interactive effect of the concomitant increase in seawater temperature. Although this preliminary study highlighted the negative effect of seawater acidification on calcification by benthic mollusks under projected atmospheric CO2 rising scenarios by the end of this century, longer‐term studies still need to be achieved in order to take into account a potential adaptation of the organisms to low pH environments. Finally, responses of other economically important species such as clams and cockles need to be investigated as impact of elevated pCO2 on calcification is tightly linked to the shell mineralogy of the considered organism.

Acknowledgments

[12] This research was supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and the European Union (MARBEF, 505446 and CARBOOCEAN, 511176). We thank Ted McConnaughey and an anonymous reviewer for constructive feedbacks. This is publication 4028 of the Netherlands Institute of Ecology.

    Notes :

    • a Calcification rates (G in mmol CaCO3 g FW−1 h−1) are also presented.
    • a Calcification rates (G in mmol CaCO3 g FW−1 h−1) are also presented.

    Number of times cited: 278

    • Bodil E. Hernroth and Susanne P. Baden, Alteration of host-pathogen interactions in the wake of climate change – Increasing risk for shellfish associated infections?, Environmental Research, 161, (425), (2018).
      Crossref
    • Narin Sezer, Hasan Oğuz Kocaoğlan, Önder Kılıç, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe and Murat Belivermiş, Acidified seawater increases accumulation of cobalt but not cesium in manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, (2018).
      Crossref
    • Jose M. F. Babarro, María José Abad, Ignacio Gestoso, Elsa Silva and Celia Olabarria, Susceptibility of two co-existing mytilid species to simulated predation under projected climate change conditions, Hydrobiologia, 807, 1, (247), (2018).
      Crossref
    • Peter Thor and Sam Dupont, Ocean Acidification, Handbook on Marine Environment Protection, 10.1007/978-3-319-60156-4_19, (375-394), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Toshihiro Onitsuka, Hideki Takami, Daisuke Muraoka, Yukio Matsumoto, Ayumi Nakatsubo, Ryo Kimura, Tsuneo Ono and Yukihiro Nojiri, Effects of ocean acidification with p CO 2 diurnal fluctuations on survival and larval shell formation of Ezo abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, Marine Environmental Research, 134, (28), (2018).
      Crossref
    • Jiaqi Li, Yuze Mao, Zengjie Jiang, Jihong Zhang, Jianguang Fang and Dapeng Bian, The detrimental effects of CO2-driven chronic acidification on juvenile Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), Hydrobiologia, 809, 1, (297), (2018).
      Crossref
    • Hillary Lane Glandon, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Johan Schijf and Thomas J. Miller, Counteractive effects of increased temperature and p CO 2 on the thickness and chemistry of the carapace of juvenile blue crab, Callinectes sapidus , from the Patuxent River, Chesapeake Bay, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 498, (39), (2018).
      Crossref
    • Susan C. Fitzer, Sergio Torres Gabarda, Luke Daly, Brian Hughes, Michael Dove, Wayne O'Connor, Jaimie Potts, Peter Scanes and Maria Byrne, Coastal acidification impacts on shell mineral structure of bivalve mollusks, Ecology and Evolution, 8, 17, (8973-8984), (2018).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Priscila Goncalves, Kelli Anderson, David Andrew Raftos and Emma Louise Thompson, The capacity of oysters to regulate energy metabolism‐related processes may be key to their resilience against ocean acidification, Aquaculture Research, 49, 5, (2059-2071), (2018).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Dáša Schleicherová, Katharina Dulias, Hans‐Jűrgen Osigus, Omid Paknia, Heike Hadrys and Bernd Schierwater, The most primitive metazoan animals, the placozoans, show high sensitivity to increasing ocean temperatures and acidities, Ecology and Evolution, 7, 3, (895-904), (2017).
      Wiley Online Library
    • B.L. Bayne, Metabolic Expenditure, Biology of Oysters, 10.1016/B978-0-12-803472-9.00006-6, (331-415), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Neil Handisyde, Trevor C Telfer and Lindsay G Ross, Vulnerability of aquaculture‐related livelihoods to changing climate at the global scale, Fish and Fisheries, 18, 3, (466-488), (2016).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Valentina Savo, Cedar Morton and Dana Lepofsky, Impacts of climate change for coastal fishers and implications for fisheries, Fish and Fisheries, 18, 5, (877-889), (2017).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Diane L. Waller, Michelle R. Bartsch, Kim T. Fredricks, Lynn A. Bartsch, Susan M. Schleis and Sheldon H. Lee, Effects of carbon dioxide on juveniles of the freshwater mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea [Unionidae]), Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 36, 3, (671-681), (2016).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Charissa M. Ferrera, Gil S. Jacinto, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone, Ma. Ferina Kristine T. Datoc, Mary Chris T. Lagumen and Maria Isabel S. Senal, Carbonate parameters in high and low productivity areas of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, Marine Chemistry, 195, (2), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Xinguo Zhao, Wei Shi, Yu Han, Saixi Liu, Cheng Guo, Wandong Fu, Xueliang Chai and Guangxu Liu, Ocean acidification adversely influences metabolism, extracellular pH and calcification of an economically important marine bivalve, Tegillarca granosa, Marine Environmental Research, 125, (82), (2017).
      Crossref
    • C Peng, X Zhao, S Liu, W Shi, Y Han, C Guo, X Peng, X Chai and G Liu, Ocean acidification alters the burrowing behaviour, Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity, metabolism, and gene expression of a bivalve species, Sinonovacula constricta, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 575, (107), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Ashley Duquette, James B. McClintock, Charles D. Amsler, Alberto Pérez-Huerta, Marco Milazzo and Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Effects of ocean acidification on the shells of four Mediterranean gastropod species near a CO 2 seep, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124, 2, (917), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Jake Rice, Richard Beamish, Daniel Duplisea, Gregor Reid and Helen Gurley‐Smith, Canadian Fisheries and Aquaculture: Prospects under a Changing Climate, Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture, (415-454), (2017).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Laura J. Falkenberg and Adeline Tubb, Economic effects of ocean acidification: Publication patterns and directions for future research, Ambio, 46, 5, (543), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Christina L. Goethel, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, Lee W. Cooper and Thomas J. Miller, Implications of ocean acidification in the Pacific Arctic: Experimental responses of three Arctic bivalves to decreased pH and food availability, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 144, (112), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Craig S. Young and Christopher J. Gobler, The organizing effects of elevated CO2 on competition among estuarine primary producers, Scientific Reports, 7, 1, (2017).
      Crossref
    • M.C. Passarelli, A. Cesar, I. Riba and T.A. DelValls, Comparative evaluation of sea-urchin larval stage sensitivity to ocean acidification, Chemosphere, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.001, 184, (224-234), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Cassandra N. Glaspie, Katherine Longmire and Rochelle D. Seitz, Acidification alters predator-prey interactions of blue crab Callinectes sapidus and soft-shell clam Mya arenaria, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 489, (58), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Wenguang Liu, Zonghe Yu, Xiande Huang, Yu Shi, Jianshi Lin, Hua Zhang, Xuejie Yi and Maoxian He, Effect of ocean acidification on growth, calcification, and gene expression in the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, Marine Environmental Research, 130, (174), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Jiaqi Li, Yuze Mao, Zengjie Jiang, Jihong Zhang, Dapeng Bian and Jianguang Fang, Impact of seawater carbonate variables on post-larval bivalve calcification, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, (2017).
      Crossref
    • Anaëlle J. Lemasson, Victor Kuri, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Stephen Fletcher, Roy Moate and Antony M. Knights, Sensory Qualities of Oysters Unaltered by a Short Exposure to Combined Elevated pCO2 and Temperature, Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, (2017).
      Crossref
    • Jay Peterson, Roger Griffis, Stephani G. Zador, Michael F. Sigler, John E. Joyce, Mary Hunsicker, Steven Bograd, Lisa G. Crozier, Sam McClatchie, James A. Morris, William T. Peterson, Carol Price, Phoebe A. Woodworth‐Jefcoats, Mandy Karnauskas, Roldan Muñoz, Amy Schueller, J. Kevin Craig, Nathan Bacheler, Michael L. Burton, Karla Gore, Todd Kellison, James A. Morris, Roldan Muñoz, Carol Price, Jonathan A. Hare, Kevin D. Friedland and Timothy J. Miller, Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture of the United States, Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture, (159-218), (2017).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Claude Savenkoff, Jacques A. Gagné, Michel Gilbert, Martin Castonguay, Denis Chabot, Joël Chassé, Sophie Comtois, Jean-Denis Dutil, Peter S. Galbraith, Jean-François Gosselin, François Grégoire, Richard Larocque, Pierre Larouche, Diane Lavoie, Michel Lebeuf, Véronique Lesage, Frédéric Maps, Ian H. McQuinn, Arnaud Mosnier, Claude Nozères, Patrick Ouellet, Stéphane Plourde, Bernard Sainte-Marie, Louise Savard, Michael Scarratt and Michel Starr, Le concept d’approche écosystémique appliqué à l’estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent (Canada), Environmental Reviews, 25, 1, (26), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Nicole Castillo, Luisa M. Saavedra, Cristian A. Vargas, Cristian Gallardo-Escárate and Camille Détrée, Ocean acidification and pathogen exposure modulate the immune response of the edible mussel Mytilus chilensis, Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 70, (149), (2017).
      Crossref
    • T Han, R Shi, Z Qi, H Huang, Q Liang and H Liu, Interactive effects of oyster and seaweed on seawater dissolved inorganic carbon systems: implications for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 9, (469), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Qiang Xing, Huan Liao, Xiaogang Xun, Jing Wang, Zhengrui Zhang, Zujing Yang, Xiaoting Huang and Zhenmin Bao, Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analyses of TLRs in Yesso scallop ( Patinopecten yessoensis ) provide insight into the disparity of responses to acidifying exposure in bivalves, Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 68, (280), (2017).
      Crossref
    • Jeff C. Clements and Thierry Chopin, Ocean acidification and marine aquaculture in North America: potential impacts and mitigation strategies, Reviews in Aquaculture, 9, 4, (326-341), (2016).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Michael P. Lesser, Climate change stressors cause metabolic depression in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, from the Gulf of Maine, Limnology and Oceanography, 61, 5, (1705-1717), (2016).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Claudia A. Pérez, Nelson A. Lagos, Gonzalo S. Saldías, George Waldbusser and Cristian A. Vargas, Riverine discharges impact physiological traits and carbon sources for shell carbonate in the marine intertidal mussel Perumytilus purpuratus, Limnology and Oceanography, 61, 3, (969-983), (2016).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Timothy J. Bralower and Jean M. Self‐Trail, Nannoplankton malformation during the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum and its paleoecological and paleoceanographic significance, Paleoceanography, 31, 10, (1423-1439), (2016).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Alexandre Miguel Pereira, Pedro Range, Ana Campoy, Ana Paula Oliveira, Sandra Joaquim, Domitília Matias, Luís Chícharo and Miguel Baptista Gaspar, Larval hatching and development of the wedge shell (Donax trunculus L.) under increased CO2 in southern Portugal, Regional Environmental Change, 16, 3, (855), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Hyewon Kim, Yong Hoon Kim, Seong-Gil Kang and Young-Gyu Park, Development of environmental impact monitoring protocol for offshore carbon capture and storage (CCS): A biological perspective, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 57, (139), (2016).
      Crossref
    • George G. Waldbusser, Burke Hales and Brian A. Haley, Calcium carbonate saturation state: on myths and this or that stories, ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, 73, 3, (563), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Shiguo Li, Chuang Liu, Jingliang Huang, Yangjia Liu, Shuwen Zhang, Guilan Zheng, Liping Xie and Rongqing Zhang, Transcriptome and biomineralization responses of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata to elevated CO2 and temperature, Scientific Reports, 6, 1, (2016).
      Crossref
    • Andrew G. Keppel, Denise L. Breitburg, Rebecca B. Burrell and Kay C. Vopel, Effects of Co-Varying Diel-Cycling Hypoxia and pH on Growth in the Juvenile Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, PLOS ONE, 11, 8, (e0161088), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Vicky W Y Lam, William W L Cheung and U Rashid Sumaila, Marine capture fisheries in the Arctic: winners or losers under climate change and ocean acidification?, Fish and Fisheries, 17, 2, (335-357), (2014).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Ramadoss Dineshram, Kondethimmanahalli Chandramouli, Ginger Wai Kuen Ko, Huoming Zhang, Pei‐Yuan Qian, Timothy Ravasi and Vengatesen Thiyagarajan, Quantitative analysis of oyster larval proteome provides new insights into the effects of multiple climate change stressors, Global Change Biology, 22, 6, (2054-2068), (2016).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Tianli Sun, Xuexi Tang, Bin Zhou and You Wang, Comparative studies on the effects of seawater acidification caused by CO 2 and HCl enrichment on physiological changes in Mytilus edulis, Chemosphere, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.117, 144, (2368-2376), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Jeff C. Clements, Krystal D. Woodard and Heather L. Hunt, Porewater acidification alters the burrowing behavior and post-settlement dispersal of juvenile soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria), Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 477, (103), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Weimin Wang, Guangxing Liu, Tianwen Zhang, Hongju Chen, Liao Tang and Xuewei Mao, Effects of elevated seawater pCO2 on early development of scallop Argopecten irradias (Lamarck, 1819), Journal of Ocean University of China, 15, 6, (1073), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Bryce D. Stewart and Leigh M. Howarth, Quantifying and Managing the Ecosystem Effects of Scallop Dredge Fisheries, Scallops - Biology, Ecology, Aquaculture, and Fisheries, 10.1016/B978-0-444-62710-0.00018-3, (585-609), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Gonzalo S. Saldías, John L. Largier, Renato Mendes, Iván Pérez-Santos, Cristian A. Vargas and Marcus Sobarzo, Satellite-measured interannual variability of turbid river plumes off central-southern Chile: Spatial patterns and the influence of climate variability, Progress in Oceanography, 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.07.007, 146, (212-222), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Kristy J. Kroeker, Eric Sanford, Jeremy M. Rose, Carol A. Blanchette, Francis Chan, Francisco P. Chavez, Brian Gaylord, Brian Helmuth, Tessa M. Hill, Gretchen E. Hofmann, Margaret A. McManus, Bruce A. Menge, Karina J. Nielsen, Peter T. Raimondi, Ann D. Russell, Libe Washburn and Sergio Navarrete, Interacting environmental mosaics drive geographic variation in mussel performance and predation vulnerability, Ecology Letters, 19, 7, (771), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Alexander Ventura, Sabrina Schulz and Sam Dupont, Maintained larval growth in mussel larvae exposed to acidified under-saturated seawater, Scientific Reports, 6, 1, (2016).
      Crossref
    • Abhijit Mitra and Sufia Zaman, Threats to Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems, Basics of Marine and Estuarine Ecology, 10.1007/978-81-322-2707-6_10, (365-417), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Craig S. Young, Christopher J. Gobler and Thiyagarajan Vengatesen, Ocean Acidification Accelerates the Growth of Two Bloom-Forming Macroalgae, PLOS ONE, 11, 5, (e0155152), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Vanessa Bach, Franziska Möller, Natalia Finogenova, Yasmine Emara and Matthias Finkbeiner, Characterization model to assess ocean acidification within life cycle assessment, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21, 10, (1463), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Marco Munari, Giulia Chemello, Livio Finos, Gianmarco Ingrosso, Michele Giani and Maria G. Marin, Coping with seawater acidification and the emerging contaminant diclofenac at the larval stage: A tale from the clam Ruditapes philippinarum, Chemosphere, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.095, 160, (293-302), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Carlos Lara, Gonzalo S. Saldías, Fabian J. Tapia, José Luis Iriarte and Bernardo R. Broitman, Interannual variability in temporal patterns of Chlorophyll–a and their potential influence on the supply of mussel larvae to inner waters in northern Patagonia (41–44°S), Journal of Marine Systems, 155, (11), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Ellias Y Feng (冯玉铭), David P Keller, Wolfgang Koeve and Andreas Oschlies, Could artificial ocean alkalinization protect tropical coral ecosystems from ocean acidification?, Environmental Research Letters, 11, 7, (074008), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Stephen V. Smith and Fred T. Mackenzie, The Role of CaCO3 Reactions in the Contemporary Oceanic CO2 Cycle, Aquatic Geochemistry, 22, 2, (153), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Triona McGrath, Evin McGovern, Rachel R. Cave and Caroline Kivimäe, The Inorganic Carbon Chemistry in Coastal and Shelf Waters Around Ireland, Estuaries and Coasts, 10.1007/s12237-015-9950-6, 39, 1, (27-39), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Michael p. Lesser and Matthew MacManes, Transcriptomic Resources for the Rocky Intertidal Blue MusselMytilus edulisfrom the Gulf of Maine, Journal of Shellfish Research, 35, 2, (435), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Murat Belivermiş, Michel Warnau, Marc Metian, François Oberhänsli, Jean-Louis Teyssié and Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Limited effects of increased CO2and temperature on metal and radionuclide bioaccumulation in a sessile invertebrate, the oysterCrassostrea gigas, ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, 73, 3, (753), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Christopher E. Cornwall and Catriona L. Hurd, Experimental design in ocean acidification research: problems and solutions, ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, 73, 3, (572), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Shiguo Li, Jingliang Huang, Chuang Liu, Yangjia Liu, Guilan Zheng, Liping Xie and Rongqing Zhang, Interactive Effects of Seawater Acidification and Elevated Temperature on the Transcriptome and Biomineralization in the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata, Environmental Science & Technology, 50, 3, (1157), (2016).
      Crossref
    • Andrea J. Fassbender, Christopher L. Sabine and Kirsten M. Feifel, Consideration of coastal carbonate chemistry in understanding biological calcification, Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 9, (4467-4476), (2016).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Claudia A. Pérez, Michael D. DeGrandpre, Nelson A. Lagos, Gonzalo S. Saldías, Emma‐Karin Cascales and Cristian A. Vargas, Influence of climate and land use in carbon biogeochemistry in lower reaches of rivers in central southern Chile: Implications for the carbonate system in river‐influenced rocky shore environments, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 120, 4, (673-692), (2015).
      Wiley Online Library
    • J.T. Mathis, S.R. Cooley, N. Lucey, S. Colt, J. Ekstrom, T. Hurst, C. Hauri, W. Evans, J.N. Cross and R.A. Feely, Ocean acidification risk assessment for Alaska’s fishery sector, Progress in Oceanography, 136, (71), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Luke F. Dodd, Jonathan H. Grabowski, Michael F. Piehler, Isaac Westfield and Justin B. Ries, Ocean acidification impairs crab foraging behaviour, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282, 1810, (20150333), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Robert P. Ellis, Steve Widdicombe, Helen Parry, Thomas H. Hutchinson and John I. Spicer, Pathogenic challenge reveals immune trade-off in mussels exposed to reduced seawater pH and increased temperature, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 462, (83), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Elizabeth Gosling, Ecology of bivalves, Marine Bivalve Molluscs, (44-98), (2015).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Rowan Haigh, Debby Ianson, Carrie A. Holt, Holly E. Neate, Andrew M. Edwards and Vengatesen Thiyagarajan (Rajan), Effects of Ocean Acidification on Temperate Coastal Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries in the Northeast Pacific, PLOS ONE, 10, 2, (e0117533), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Hye Yeon Koh, Jun Hyuck Lee, Se Jong Han, Hyun Park, Seung Chul Shin and Sung Gu Lee, A transcriptomic analysis of the response of the arctic pteropod Limacina helicina to carbon dioxide-driven seawater acidification, Polar Biology, 38, 10, (1727), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Mary I. O'Connor, Johnna M. Holding, Carrie V. Kappel, Carlos M. Duarte, Keith Brander, Christopher J. Brown, John F. Bruno, Lauren Buckley, Michael T. Burrows, Benjamin S. Halpern, Wolfgang Kiessling, Pippa Moore, John M. Pandolfi, Camille Parmesan, Elvira S. Poloczanska, David S. Schoeman, William J. Sydeman and Anthony J. Richardson, Strengthening confidence in climate change impact science, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24, 1, (64-76), (2014).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Caihua Ma, Kui You, Dechun Ji, Weiwei Ma and Fengqi Li, Primary discussion of a carbon sink in the oceans, Journal of Ocean University of China, 14, 2, (284), (2015).
      Crossref
    • P. S. Petraitis and S. R. Dudgeon, Variation in recruitment and the establishment of alternative community states, Ecology, 96, 12, (3186-3196), (2015).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Helena Fortunato, Bryozoans in climate and ocean acidification research: A reappraisal of an under-used tool, Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2, (32), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Nicola M. Clargo, Lesley A. Salt, Helmuth Thomas and Hein J.W. de Baar, Rapid increase of observed DIC and pCO2 in the surface waters of the North Sea in the 2001-2011 decade ascribed to climate change superimposed by biological processes, Marine Chemistry, 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.08.010, 177, (566-581), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Luís C. Rodrigues, Jeroen C. J. M. Van Den Bergh, Fabio Massa, John A. Theodorou, Patrizia Ziveri and Frédéric Gazeau, Sensitivity of Mediterranean Bivalve Mollusc Aquaculture to Climate Change, Ocean Acidification, and Other Environmental Pressures: Findings from a Producer Survey, Journal of Shellfish Research, 34, 3, (1161), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Leigh M. Howarth, Callum M. Roberts, Julie P. Hawkins, Daniel J. Steadman and Bryce D. Beukers-Stewart, Effects of ecosystem protection on scallop populations within a community-led temperate marine reserve, Marine Biology, 162, 4, (823), (2015).
      Crossref
    • D.G. Jones, S.E. Beaubien, J.C. Blackford, E.M. Foekema, J. Lions, C. De Vittor, J.M. West, S. Widdicombe, C. Hauton and A.M. Queirós, Developments since 2005 in understanding potential environmental impacts of CO2 leakage from geological storage, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 40, (350), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Hannes Baumann, Ryan B. Wallace, Tristen Tagliaferri and Christopher J. Gobler, Large Natural pH, CO2 and O2 Fluctuations in a Temperate Tidal Salt Marsh on Diel, Seasonal, and Interannual Time Scales, Estuaries and Coasts, 10.1007/s12237-014-9800-y, 38, 1, (220-231), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Elise A. Keppel, Ricardo A. Scrosati and Simon C. Courtenay, Interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming on subtidal mussels and sea stars from Atlantic Canada, Marine Biology Research, 11, 4, (337), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Cristian Duarte, Jorge M. Navarro, Karin Acuña, Rodrigo Torres, Patricio H. Manríquez, Marcos A. Lardies, Cristian A. Vargas, Nelson A. Lagos and Víctor Aguilera, Intraspecific Variability in the Response of the Edible Mussel Mytilus chilensis (Hupe) to Ocean Acidification, Estuaries and Coasts, 38, 2, (590), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Alison J. Gilbert, Abigail McQuatters-Gollop, Olivia Langmead, Laurence Mee and Jan Vermaat, Visions for the North Sea: The Societal Dilemma Behind Specifying Good Environmental Status, AMBIO, 44, 2, (142), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Lorena Basso, Iris E. Hendriks, Alejandro B. Rodríguez-Navarro, Maria C. Gambi and Carlos M. Duarte, Extreme pH Conditions at a Natural CO2 Vent System (Italy) Affect Growth, and Survival of Juvenile Pen Shells (Pinna nobilis), Estuaries and Coasts, 38, 6, (1986), (2015).
      Crossref
    • AG Keppel, DL Breitburg, GH Wikfors, RB Burrell and VM Clark, Effects of co-varying diel-cycling hypoxia and pH on disease susceptibility in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 538, (169), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Magdalena Jakubowska and Monika Normant-Saremba, The Effect of CO2-Induced Seawater Acidification on the Behaviour and Metabolic Rate of the Baltic ClamMacoma balthica, Annales Zoologici Fennici, 52, 5-6, (353), (2015).
      Crossref
    • F Gazeau, L Urbini, TE Cox, S Alliouane and JP Gattuso, Comparison of the alkalinity and calcium anomaly techniques to estimate rates of net calcification, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 527, (1), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Tim Kasoar, Philline S. E. zu Ermgassen, Alvar Carranza, Boze Hancock and Mark Spalding, New opportunities for conservation of a threatened biogenic habitat: a worldwide assessment of knowledge on bivalve-reef representation in marine and coastal Ramsar Sites, Marine and Freshwater Research, 66, 11, (981), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Fanny Noisette, Joëlle Richard, Ines Le Fur, Lloyd S. Peck, Dominique Davoult and Sophie Martin, Metabolic responses to temperature stress under elevated pCO2 in Crepidula fornicata, Journal of Molluscan Studies, 81, 2, (238), (2015).
      Crossref
    • Leigh M Howarth, Callum M Roberts, Ruth H Thurstan and Bryce D Stewart, The unintended consequences of simplifying the sea: making the case for complexity, Fish and Fisheries, 15, 4, (690-711), (2013).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Maria E. Asplund, Susanne P. Baden, Sarah Russ, Robert P. Ellis, Ningping Gong and Bodil E. Hernroth, Ocean acidification and host–pathogen interactions: blue mussels, ytilus edulis, encountering ibrio tubiashii, Environmental Microbiology, 16, 4, (1029-1039), (2013).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Stephanie Hans, Sandra Fehsenfeld, Jason R. Treberg and Dirk Weihrauch, Acid–base regulation in the Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister), Marine Biology, 161, 5, (1179), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Aswani K. Volety, Lesli Haynes, Patricia Goodman and Patricia Gorman, Ecological condition and value of oyster reefs of the Southwest Florida shelf ecosystem, Ecological Indicators, 44, (108), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Clara L. Mackenzie, Graham A. Ormondroyd, Simon F. Curling, Richard J. Ball, Nia M. Whiteley, Shelagh K. Malham and Howard I. Browman, Ocean Warming, More than Acidification, Reduces Shell Strength in a Commercial Shellfish Species during Food Limitation, PLoS ONE, 9, 1, (e86764), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Alexandra M.F. Rao, Sairah Y. Malkin, Francesc Montserrat and Filip J.R. Meysman, Alkalinity production in intertidal sands intensified by lugworm bioirrigation, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 148, (36), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Frédéric Gazeau, Samir Alliouane, Christian Bock, Lorenzo Bramanti, Matthias López Correa, Miriam Gentile, Timo Hirse, Hans-Otto Pörtner and Patrizia Ziveri, Impact of ocean acidification and warming on the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), Frontiers in Marine Science, 1, (2014).
      Crossref
    • Claire Goodwin, Riccardo Rodolfo‐Metalpa, Bernard Picton and Jason M. Hall‐Spencer, Effects of ocean acidification on sponge communities, Marine Ecology, 35, (41-49), (2013).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Christian Pansch, Iris Schaub, Jonathan Havenhand and Martin Wahl, Habitat traits and food availability determine the response of marine invertebrates to ocean acidification, Global Change Biology, 20, 3, (765-777), (2014).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Timothy J. Bralower, Katrin J. Meissner, Kaitlin Alexander and Deborah J. Thomas, The dynamics of global change at the Paleocene‐Eocene thermal maximum: A data‐model comparison, "Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems", 15, 10, (3830-3848), (2014).
      Wiley Online Library
    • PH Manríquez, ME Jara, ML Mardones, R Torres, JM Navarro, MA Lardies, CA Vargas, C Duarte and NA Lagos, Ocean acidification affects predator avoidance behaviour but not prey detection in the early ontogeny of a keystone species, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 502, (157), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Xue Yu, Hong Yu, Lingfeng Kong, Fengguang Guo, Guan Zhu and Qi Li, Molecular cloning and differential expression in tissues of a tyrosinase gene in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, Molecular Biology Reports, 41, 8, (5403), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Zhao-Xiang Han, Dan-Dan Wu, Jue Wu, Chun-Xia Lv and Yu-Rong Liu, Effects of Ocean Acidification on Toxicity of Heavy Metals in the BivalveMytilus edulisL, Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 44, 1, (133), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Samantha L. Garrard and Nicola J. Beaumont, The effect of ocean acidification on carbon storage and sequestration in seagrass beds; a global and UK context, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 86, 1-2, (138), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Esther M. Leise, Jeremy T. Washburn, Joshua Long, Brandi Bridgewater and Nishant Shah, Acidic Seawater can Promote Larval Metamorphosis in the Marine Mud Snail,Nassarius obsoletus, Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science, 130, 2, (65), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Samantha L. Garrard, M. Cristina Gambi, M. Beatrice Scipione, Francesco P. Patti, Maurizio Lorenti, Valerio Zupo, David M. Paterson and M. Cristina Buia, Indirect effects may buffer negative responses of seagrass invertebrate communities to ocean acidification, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 461, (31), (2014).
      Crossref
    • MM White, LS Mullineaux, DC McCorkle and AL Cohen, Elevated pCO2 exposure during fertilization of the bay scallop Argopecten irradians reduces larval survival but not subsequent shell size, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 10.3354/meps10621, 498, (173-186), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Elliot Scanes, Laura M. Parker, Wayne A. O’Connor, Pauline M. Ross and Vengatesen Thiyagarajan (Rajan), Mixed Effects of Elevated pCO2 on Fertilisation, Larval and Juvenile Development and Adult Responses in the Mobile Subtidal Scallop Mimachlamys asperrima (Lamarck, 1819), PLoS ONE, 9, 4, (e93649), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Julia Calderwood, Nessa E. O'Connor, Julia D. Sigwart and Dai Roberts, Determining optimal duration of seed translocation periods for benthic mussel (Mytilus edulis) cultivation using physiological and behavioural measures of stress, Aquaculture, 434, (288), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Toshihiro Onitsuka, Ryo Kimura, Tsuneo Ono, Hideki Takami and Yukihiro Nojiri, Effects of ocean acidification on the early developmental stages of the horned turban, Turbo cornutus, Marine Biology, 161, 5, (1127), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Sabine Hahn, Erika Griesshaber, Wolfgang W. Schmahl, Rolf D. Neuser, Ann‐Christine Ritter, Rene Hoffmann, Dieter Buhl, Andrea Niedermayr, Anna Geske, Adrian Immenhauser and Peir Pufahl, Exploring aberrant bivalve shell ultrastructure and geochemistry as proxies for past sea water acidification, Sedimentology, 61, 6, (1625-1658), (2014).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Kristina Stemmer and Gernot Nehrke, The distribution of polyenes in the shell of Arctica islandica from North Atlantic localities: a confocal Raman microscopy study, Journal of Molluscan Studies, 80, 4, (365), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Jeff C. Clements and Heather L. Hunt, Influence of sediment acidification and water flow on sediment acceptance and dispersal of juvenile soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria L.), Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 453, (62), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Chaoyi Li, Vera B. S. Chan, Chong He, Yuan Meng, Haimin Yao, Kaimin Shih and Vengatesen Thiyagarajan, Weakening Mechanisms of the Serpulid Tube in a High-CO2 World, Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 24, (14158), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Jean‐Pierre Gattuso, Lina Hansson and Frédéric Gazeau, Ocean Acidification and its Consequences, Ocean in the Earth System, (189-253), (2014).
      Wiley Online Library
    • George G. Waldbusser and Joseph E. Salisbury, Ocean Acidification in the Coastal Zone from an Organism's Perspective: Multiple System Parameters, Frequency Domains, and Habitats, Annual Review of Marine Science, 10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172238, 6, 1, (221-247), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Claire I. Guy, Vonda J. Cummings, Andrew M. Lohrer, Sofia Gamito and Simon F. Thrush, Population trajectories for the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica: identifying demographic bottlenecks in differing environmental futures, Polar Biology, 37, 4, (541), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Dongseon Kim, Eun-Jin Yang, Seung Ho Baek, Kyung-Hee Kim, Jin-Hyun Jeong and Young-Ok Kim, Aragonite undersaturation in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea: Effects of fresh water input, Ocean Science Journal, 49, 3, (223), (2014).
      Crossref
    • C. Duarte, J.M. Navarro, K. Acuña, R. Torres, P.H. Manríquez, M.A. Lardies, C.A. Vargas, N.A. Lagos and V. Aguilera, Combined effects of temperature and ocean acidification on the juvenile individuals of the mussel Mytilus chilensis, Journal of Sea Research, 85, (308), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Clara L. Mackenzie, Sharon A. Lynch, Sarah C. Culloty, Shelagh K. Malham and Pikul Jiravanichpaisal, Future Oceanic Warming and Acidification Alter Immune Response and Disease Status in a Commercial Shellfish Species, Mytilus edulis L., PLoS ONE, 9, 6, (e99712), (2014).
      Crossref
    • Maxwell B. Kaplan, T. Aran Mooney, Daniel C. McCorkle, Anne L. Cohen and Simon Thrush, Adverse Effects of Ocean Acidification on Early Development of Squid (Doryteuthis pealeii), PLoS ONE, 8, 5, (e63714), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Dongseon Kim, Sang-Hwa Choi, Eun-Jin Yang, Kyung-Hee Kim, Jin-Hyun Jeong and Young Ok Kim, Biologically Mediated Seasonality of Aragonite Saturation States in Jinhae Bay, Korea, Journal of Coastal Research, 292, (1420), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Anna Jansson, Joanna Norkko, Alf Norkko and Simon Thrush, Effects of Reduced pH on Macoma balthica Larvae from a System with Naturally Fluctuating pH-Dynamics, PLoS ONE, 8, 6, (e68198), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Kennedy Wolfe, Abigail M. Smith, Patrick Trimby and Maria Byrne, Microstructure of the paper nautilus (Argonauta nodosa) shell and the novel application of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to address effects of ocean acidification, Marine Biology, 160, 8, (2271), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Valerio Matozzo, Andrea Chinellato, Marco Munari, Monica Bressan and Maria Gabriella Marin, Can the combination of decreased pH and increased temperature values induce oxidative stress in the clam Chamelea gallina and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis?, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 72, 1, (34), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Carol Turley, Ocean Acidification, Managing Ocean Environments in a Changing Climate, 10.1016/B978-0-12-407668-6.00002-1, (15-44), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Morgana Tagliarolo, Jacques Grall, Laurent Chauvaud and Jacques Clavier, Aerial and underwater metabolism of Patella vulgata L.: comparison of three intertidal levels, Hydrobiologia, 702, 1, (241), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan, Don Anushka Sandaruwan Elvitigala, Kasthuri Saranya Revathy, Youngdeuk Lee, Ilson Whang, Myoung-Ae Park and Jehee Lee, Identification and in silico analysis of a novel troponin C like gene from Ruditapes philippinarum (Bivalvia: Veneridae) and its transcriptional response for calcium challenge, Gene, 519, 1, (194), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Matthew Burton Sanders, Tim P. Bean, Thomas H. Hutchinson, Will J. F. Le Quesne and Sam Dupont, Juvenile King Scallop, Pecten maximus, Is Potentially Tolerant to Low Levels of Ocean Acidification When Food Is Unrestricted, PLoS ONE, 8, 9, (e74118), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Laura Parker, Pauline Ross, Wayne O'Connor, Hans Pörtner, Elliot Scanes and John Wright, Predicting the Response of Molluscs to the Impact of Ocean Acidification, Biology, 2, 4, (651), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Kristy J. Kroeker, Rebecca L. Kordas, Ryan Crim, Iris E. Hendriks, Laura Ramajo, Gerald S. Singh, Carlos M. Duarte and Jean‐Pierre Gattuso, Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming, Global Change Biology, 19, 6, (1884-1896), (2013).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Claire E. Reymond, Alicia Lloyd, David I. Kline, Sophie G. Dove and John M. Pandolfi, Decline in growth of foraminifer arginopora rossi under eutrophication and ocean acidification scenarios, Global Change Biology, 19, 1, (291-302), (2012).
      Wiley Online Library
    • George G. Waldbusser, Eric N. Powell and Roger Mann, Ecosystem effects of shell aggregations and cycling in coastal waters: an example of Chesapeake Bay oyster reefs, Ecology, 94, 4, (895-903), (2013).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Xinping Hu and Wei‐Jun Cai, Estuarine acidification and minimum buffer zone—A conceptual study, Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 19, (5176-5181), (2013).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Katherine E. Harris, Michael D. DeGrandpre and Burke Hales, Aragonite saturation state dynamics in a coastal upwelling zone, Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 11, (2720-2725), (2013).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Rebecca I.A. Stewart, Matteo Dossena, David A. Bohan, Erik Jeppesen, Rebecca L. Kordas, Mark E. Ledger, Mariana Meerhoff, Brian Moss, Christian Mulder, Jonathan B. Shurin, Blake Suttle, Ross Thompson, Mark Trimmer and Guy Woodward, Mesocosm Experiments as a Tool for Ecological Climate-Change Research, Global Change in Multispecies Systems: Part 3, 10.1016/B978-0-12-417199-2.00002-1, (71-181), (2013).
      Crossref
    • C L Moloney, S T Fennessy, M J Gibbons, A Roychoudhury, F A Shillington, B P von der Heyden and K Watermeyer, Reviewing evidence of marine ecosystem change off South Africa, African Journal of Marine Science, 10.2989/1814232X.2013.836135, 35, 3, (427-448), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Claas Hiebenthal, Eva E. R. Philipp, Anton Eisenhauer and Martin Wahl, Effects of seawater pCO2 and temperature on shell growth, shell stability, condition and cellular stress of Western Baltic Sea Mytilus edulis (L.) and Arctica islandica (L.), Marine Biology, 160, 8, (2073), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Mikko Vihtakari, Iris Hendriks, Johnna Holding, Paul Renaud, Carlos Duarte and Jon Havenhand, Effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Sperm Activity and Early Life Stages of the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), Water, 5, 4, (1890), (2013).
      Crossref
    • H Kurihara, R Yin, GN Nishihara, K Soyano and A Ishimatsu, Effect of ocean acidification on growth, gonad development and physiology of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Aquatic Biology, 18, 3, (281), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Kristina Stemmer, Gernot Nehrke, Thomas Brey and Anna Stepanova, Elevated CO2 Levels do not Affect the Shell Structure of the Bivalve Arctica islandica from the Western Baltic, PLoS ONE, 8, 7, (e70106), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Pauline Ross and Paul Adam, Climate Change and Intertidal Wetlands, Biology, 2, 4, (445), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Anna V. Ivanina, Gary H. Dickinson, Omera B. Matoo, Rita Bagwe, Ashley Dickinson, Elia Beniash and Inna M. Sokolova, Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 levels on energy metabolism and biomineralization of marine bivalves Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 166, 1, (101), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Amanda L. Adams, Evan W. Needham and Jens Knauer, The effect of shade on water quality parameters and survival and growth of juvenile fluted giant clams, Tridacna squamosa, cultured in a land-based growth trial, Aquaculture International, 21, 6, (1311), (2013).
      Crossref
    • ZA Doubleday, SM Clarke, X Li, GT Pecl, TM Ward, S Battaglene, S Frusher, PJ Gibbs, AJ Hobday, N Hutchinson, SM Jennings and R Stoklosa, Assessing the risk of climate change to aquaculture: a case study from south-east Australia, Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 3, 2, (163), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Frédéric Gazeau, Laura M. Parker, Steeve Comeau, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Wayne A. O’Connor, Sophie Martin, Hans-Otto Pörtner and Pauline M. Ross, Impacts of ocean acidification on marine shelled molluscs, Marine Biology, 10.1007/s00227-013-2219-3, 160, 8, (2207-2245), (2013).
      Crossref
    • J. Blackford, C. Hattam, S. Widdicombe, N. Burnside, M. Naylor, K. Kirk, P. Maul and I. Wright, CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities: environmental, societal and economic impacts, monitoring and research strategies, Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), 10.1533/9780857097279.2.149, (149-178), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Michael C. Dove and Jesmond Sammut, Acid Sulfate Soil Induced Acidification of Estuarine Areas Used for the Production of Sydney Rock Oysters, <i>Saccostrea glomerata</i>, Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 05, 03, (320), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Tomasz Borszcz, Piotr Kukliński and Paul D. Taylor, Patterns of magnesium content in Arctic bryozoan skeletons along a depth gradient, Polar Biology, 36, 2, (193), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Omera B. Matoo, Anna V. Ivanina, Claus Ullstad, Elia Beniash and Inna M. Sokolova, Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 levels on metabolism and oxidative stress in two common marine bivalves (Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 164, 4, (545), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Cristian A. Vargas, Makarena de la Hoz, Victor Aguilera, Valeska San Martín, Patricio H. Manríquez, Jorge M. Navarro, Rodrigo Torres, Marco A. Lardies and Nelson A. Lagos, CO2-driven ocean acidification reduces larval feeding efficiency and changes food selectivity in the mollusk Concholepas concholepas, Journal of Plankton Research, 35, 5, (1059), (2013).
      Crossref
    • R. Dineshram, V. Thiyagarajan, Ackley Lane, Yu Ziniu, Shu Xiao and Priscilla T. Y. Leung, Elevated CO2 alters larval proteome and its phosphorylation status in the commercial oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis, Marine Biology, 10.1007/s00227-013-2176-x, 160, 8, (2189-2205), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Yannicke Dauphin, Alexander D. Ball, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Corinne Chevallard, Jean-Pierre Cuif, Bastien Farre, Stéphane Pouvreau and Murielle Salomé, In situ distribution and characterization of the organic content of the oyster shell Crassostrea gigas (Mollusca, Bivalvia), Micron, 44, (373), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Morgana Tagliarolo, Jacques Clavier, Laurent Chauvaud and Jacques Grall, Carbon emission associated with respiration and calcification of nine gastropod species from the intertidal rocky shore of Western Europe, Marine Biology, 160, 11, (2891), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Halley M. S. Durrant, Graeme F. Clark, Symon A. Dworjanyn, Maria Byrne and Emma L. Johnston, Seasonal variation in the effects of ocean warming and acidification on a native bryozoan, Celleporaria nodulosa, Marine Biology, 160, 8, (1903), (2013).
      Crossref
    • David P. Gillikin and Frank Dehairs, Uranium in aragonitic marine bivalve shells, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 373, (60), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Simon N. Gosling, The likelihood and potential impact of future change in the large-scale climate-earth system on ecosystem services, Environmental Science & Policy, 27, (S15), (2013).
      Crossref
    • P. Barros, P. Sobral, P. Range, L. Chícharo and D. Matias, Effects of sea-water acidification on fertilization and larval development of the oyster Crassostrea gigas, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.12.014, 440, (200-206), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Jun Kita, Takashi Kikkawa, Takamasa Asai and Atsushi Ishimatsu, Effects of elevated pCO2 on reproductive properties of the benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus and gastropod Babylonia japonica, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 73, 2, (402), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Ceri Lewis, Kirsty Clemow and William V. Holt, Metal contamination increases the sensitivity of larvae but not gametes to ocean acidification in the polychaete Pomatoceros lamarckii (Quatrefages), Marine Biology, 160, 8, (2089), (2013).
      Crossref
    • N. Christen, P. Calosi, C. L. McNeill and S. Widdicombe, Structural and functional vulnerability to elevated pCO2 in marine benthic communities, Marine Biology, 160, 8, (2113), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Richard A. Feely, Christopher L. Sabine, Robert H. Byrne, Frank J. Millero, Andrew G. Dickson, Rik Wanninkhof, Akihiko Murata, Lisa A. Miller and Dana Greeley, Decadal changes in the aragonite and calcite saturation state of the Pacific Ocean, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 26, 3, (2012).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Ellycia R. Harrould-Kolieb and Dorothée Herr, Ocean acidification and climate change: synergies and challenges of addressing both under the UNFCCC, Climate Policy, 12, 3, (378), (2012).
      Crossref
    • MJ Fernández-Reiriz, P Range, XA Álvarez-Salgado, J Espinosa and U Labarta, Tolerance of juvenile Mytilus galloprovincialis to experimental seawater acidification, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 454, (65), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Jeroen Ingels, Ann Vanreusel, Angelika Brandt, Ana I. Catarino, Bruno David, Chantal De Ridder, Philippe Dubois, Andrew J. Gooday, Patrick Martin, Francesca Pasotti and Henri Robert, Possible effects of global environmental changes on Antarctic benthos: a synthesis across five major taxa, Ecology and Evolution, 2, 2, (453-485), (2012).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Jonathan N. Havenhand, How will Ocean Acidification Affect Baltic Sea Ecosystems? An Assessment of Plausible Impacts on Key Functional Groups, AMBIO, 41, 6, (637), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Alberto Trecalli, Jorge Spangenberg, Thierry Adatte, Karl B. Föllmi and Mariano Parente, Carbonate platform evidence of ocean acidification at the onset of the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 357-358, (214), (2012).
      Crossref
    • John S. BUCKERIDGE, Opportunism and the resilience of barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica) to environmental change, Integrative Zoology, 7, 2, (137-146), (2012).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Rui Rosa, António Marques and Maria L. Nunes, Impact of climate change in Mediterranean aquaculture, Reviews in Aquaculture, 4, 3, (163-177), (2012).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Ruth Callaway, Andrew P. Shinn, Suzanne E. Grenfell, James E. Bron, Gavin Burnell, Elizabeth J. Cook, Margaret Crumlish, Sarah Culloty, Keith Davidson, Robert P. Ellis, Kevin J. Flynn, Clive Fox, Darren M. Green, Graeme C. Hays, Adam D. Hughes, Erin Johnston, Christopher D. Lowe, Ingrid Lupatsch, Shelagh Malham, Anouska F. Mendzil, Thom Nickell, Tom Pickerell, Andrew F. Rowley, Michele S. Stanley, Douglas R. Tocher, James F. Turnbull, Gemma Webb, Emma Wootton and Robin J. Shields, Review of climate change impacts on marine aquaculture in the UK and Ireland, Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 22, 3, (389-421), (2012).
      Wiley Online Library
    • William W. L. Cheung, John Pinnegar, Gorka Merino, Miranda C. Jones and Manuel Barange, Review of climate change impacts on marine fisheries in the UK and Ireland, Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 22, 3, (368-388), (2012).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Lindsay K. Newbold, Anna E. Oliver, Tim Booth, Bela Tiwari, Todd DeSantis, Michael Maguire, Gary Andersen, Christopher J. van der Gast and Andrew S. Whiteley, The response of marine picoplankton to ocean acidification, Environmental Microbiology, 14, 9, (2293-2307), (2012).
      Wiley Online Library
    • YS Appelhans, J Thomsen, C Pansch, F Melzner and M Wahl, Sour times: seawater acidification effects on growth, feeding behaviour and acid–base status of Asterias rubens and Carcinus maenas, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 459, (85), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Haruko Kurihara, Yoshiki Takano, Daisuke Kurokawa and Koji Akasaka, Ocean acidification reduces biomineralization-related gene expression in the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Marine Biology, 159, 12, (2819), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Wenguang Liu and Maoxian He, Effects of ocean acidification on the metabolic rates of three species of bivalve from southern coast of China, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 30, 2, (206), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Sarah R Cooley, Noelle Lucey, Hauke Kite-Powell and Scott C Doney, Nutrition and income from molluscs today imply vulnerability to ocean acidification tomorrow, Fish and Fisheries, 13, 2, (182), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Nikolas Vogel and Sven Uthicke, Calcification and photobiology in symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifera and responses to a high CO2 environment, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 424-425, (15), (2012).
      Crossref
    • SC Talmage and CJ Gobler, Effects of CO2 and the harmful alga Aureococcus anophagefferens on growth and survival of oyster and scallop larvae, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 10.3354/meps09867, 464, (121-134), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Daiju Narita, Katrin Rehdanz and Richard S. J. Tol, Economic costs of ocean acidification: a look into the impacts on global shellfish production, Climatic Change, 113, 3-4, (1049), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Inna M. Sokolova, Markus Frederich, Rita Bagwe, Gisela Lannig and Alexey A. Sukhotin, Energy homeostasis as an integrative tool for assessing limits of environmental stress tolerance in aquatic invertebrates, Marine Environmental Research, 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.04.003, 79, (1-15), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Jason Shorr, James Cervino, Carmen Lin and Rand Weeks, Electrical Stimulation Increases Oyster Growth and Survival in Restoration Projects, Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration, 10.1201/b14314-14, (151-159), (2013).
      Crossref
    • P. Range, D. Piló, R. Ben-Hamadou, M.A. Chícharo, D. Matias, S. Joaquim, A.P. Oliveira and L. Chícharo, Seawater acidification by CO2 in a coastal lagoon environment: Effects on life history traits of juvenile mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.05.010, 424-425, (89-98), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Qingyang Sun, Danling Tang and Sufen Wang, Remote-sensing observations relevant to ocean acidification, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33, 23, (7542), (2012).
      Crossref
    • M Tagliarolo, J Clavier, L Chauvaud, M Koken and J Grall, Metabolism in blue mussel: intertidal and subtidal beds compared, Aquatic Biology, 17, 2, (167), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Wenguang Liu, Xiande Huang, Jianshi Lin, Maoxian He and Inés Álvarez, Seawater Acidification and Elevated Temperature Affect Gene Expression Patterns of the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata, PLoS ONE, 7, 3, (e33679), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Laura Wicks and J Roberts, Benthic invertebrates in a high-­CO2 world, Oceanography and Marine Biology, 10.1201/b12157-4, (127-188), (2012).
      Crossref
    • J. Timothy Wootton, Catherine A. Pfister and Wei-Chun Chin, Carbon System Measurements and Potential Climatic Drivers at a Site of Rapidly Declining Ocean pH, PLoS ONE, 7, 12, (e53396), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Susanne C. Moser, S. Jeffress Williams and Donald F. Boesch, Wicked Challenges at Land's End: Managing Coastal Vulnerability Under Climate Change, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 10.1146/annurev-environ-021611-135158, 37, 1, (51-78), (2012).
      Crossref
    • P. Williamson and C. Turley, Ocean acidification in a geoengineering context, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 370, 1974, (4317), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Annika K. Mackensen, Thomas Brey, Christian Bock and Soledad Luna, Spondylus crassisquama Lamarck, 1819 as a microecosystem and the effects of associated macrofauna on its shell integrity: isles of biodiversity or sleeping with the enemy?, Marine Biodiversity, 42, 4, (443), (2012).
      Crossref
    • Morgane Lejart, Jacques Clavier, Laurent Chauvaud and Christian Hily, Respiration and Calcification of Crassostrea gigas: Contribution of an Intertidal Invasive Species to Coastal Ecosystem CO2 Fluxes, Estuaries and Coasts, 35, 2, (622), (2012).
      Crossref
    • William J. Sutherland, Jose A. Alves, Tatsuya Amano, Charlotte H. Chang, Nicholas C. Davidson, C. Max Finlayson, Jennifer A. Gill, Robert E. Gill, Patricia M. González, Tómas Grétar Gunnarsson, David Kleijn, Chris J. Spray, Tamás Székely, Des B. A. Thompson and Phil Battley, A horizon scanning assessment of current and potential future threats to migratory shorebirds, Ibis, 154, 4, (663-679), (2012).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Mana Hikami, Hiroyuki Ushie, Takahiro Irie, Kazuhiko Fujita, Azumi Kuroyanagi, Kazuhiko Sakai, Yukihiro Nojiri, Atsushi Suzuki and Hodaka Kawahata, Contrasting calcification responses to ocean acidification between two reef foraminifers harboring different algal symbionts, Geophysical Research Letters, 38, 19, (2011).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Masao Ishii, Naohiro Kosugi, Daisuke Sasano, Shu Saito, Takashi Midorikawa and Hisayuki Y. Inoue, Ocean acidification off the south coast of Japan: A result from time series observations of CO2 parameters from 1994 to 2008, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 116, C6, (2011).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Roberto Danovaro, Cinzia Corinaldesi, Antonio Dell'Anno, Jed A. Fuhrman, Jack J. Middelburg, Rachel T. Noble and Curtis A. Suttle, Marine viruses and global climate change, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 35, 6, (993-1034), (2011).
      Wiley Online Library
    • R. Rodolfo-Metalpa, F. Houlbrèque, É. Tambutté, F. Boisson, C. Baggini, F. P. Patti, R. Jeffree, M. Fine, A. Foggo, J-P. Gattuso and J. M. Hall-Spencer, Coral and mollusc resistance to ocean acidification adversely affected by warming, Nature Climate Change, 1, 6, (308), (2011).
      Crossref
    • Jessica Stella, Morgan Pratchett, Pat Hutchings and Geoffrey Jones, Coral-associated invertebrates, Oceanography and Marine Biology, 10.1201/b11009-3, (2011).
      Crossref
    • Maria Byrne, Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on marine invertebrate life history stages, Oceanography and Marine Biology, 10.1201/b11009-2, (2011).
      Crossref
    • Bayden D. Russell, Claire A. Passarelli and Sean D. Connell, FORECASTED CO2 MODIFIES THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT IN SHAPING SUBTIDAL HABITAT, Journal of Phycology, 47, 4, (744-752), (2011).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Inna M. Sokolova, Alexey A. Sukhotin and Gisela Lannig, Stress Effects on Metabolism and Energy Budgets in Mollusks, Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, (261-280), (2011).
      Wiley Online Library
    • P. Range, M.A. Chícharo, R. Ben-Hamadou, D. Piló, D. Matias, S. Joaquim, A.P. Oliveira and L. Chícharo, Calcification, growth and mortality of juvenile clams Ruditapes decussatus under increased pCO2 and reduced pH: Variable responses to ocean acidification at local scales?, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 396, 2, (177), (2011).
      Crossref
    • NM Whiteley, Physiological and ecological responses of crustaceans to ocean acidification, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 430, (257), (2011).
      Crossref
    • R. Hale, P. Calosi, L. McNeill, N. Mieszkowska and S. Widdicombe, Predicted levels of future ocean acidification and temperature rise could alter community structure and biodiversity in marine benthic communities, Oikos, 120, 5, (661-674), (2011).
      Wiley Online Library
    • KIM E. REUTER, KATIE E. LOTTERHOS, RYAN N. CRIM, CATHERINE A. THOMPSON and CHRISTOPHER D. G. HARLEY, Elevated pCO2 increases sperm limitation and risk of polyspermy in the red sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, Global Change Biology, 17, 1, (163-171), (2010).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Heather M. Welladsen, Kirsten Heimann and Paul C. Southgate, The Effects of Exposure to Near-Future Levels of Ocean Acidification on Activity and Byssus Production of the Akoya Pearl Oyster,Pinctada fucata, Journal of Shellfish Research, 30, 1, (85), (2011).
      Crossref
    • , , (2011)., Oceanic Acidification
      Crossref
    • Tasneem Abbasi and S. A. Abbasi, Ocean Acidification: The Newest Threat to the Global Environment, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 41, 18, (1601), (2011).
      Crossref
    • Zhang Mingliang, Fang Jianguang, Zhang Jihong, Li Bin, Ren Shengmin, Mao Yuze and Gao Yaping, Effect of Marine Acidification on Calcification and Respiration ofChlamys farreri, Journal of Shellfish Research, 30, 2, (267), (2011).
      Crossref
    • S Fiorini, JJ Middelburg and JP Gattuso, Effects of elevated CO2 partial pressure and temperature on the coccolithophore Syracosphaera pulchra, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 64, 3, (221), (2011).
      Crossref
    • Edward H. Allison, Marie‐Caroline Badjeck and Kathrin Meinhold, The Implications of Global Climate Change for Molluscan Aquaculture, Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment, (461-490), (2011).
      Wiley Online Library
    • ROBERT W. CHAPMAN, ANNALAURA MANCIA, MARION BEAL, ARTUR VELOSO, CHARLES RATHBURN, ANNE BLAIR, A. F. HOLLAND, G. W. WARR, GUY DIDINATO, INNA M. SOKOLOVA, EDWARD F. WIRTH, EDWARD DUFFY and DENISE SANGER, The transcriptomic responses of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to environmental conditions, Molecular Ecology, 20, 7, (1431), (2011).
      Crossref
    • C. Fruciano, C. Tigano and V. Ferrito, Traditional and geometric morphometrics detect morphological variation of lower pharyngeal jaw inCoris julis(Teleostei, Labridae), Italian Journal of Zoology, 78, 3, (320), (2011).
      Crossref
    • L. M. Parker, Pauline M. Ross and Wayne A. O’Connor, Populations of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, vary in response to ocean acidification, Marine Biology, 158, 3, (689), (2011).
      Crossref
    • MJ Fernández-Reiriz, P Range, XA Álvarez-Salgado and U Labarta, Physiological energetics of juvenile clams Ruditapes decussatus in a high CO2 coastal ocean, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 10.3354/meps09062, 433, (97-105), (2011).
      Crossref
    • Ingrid L. Cripps, Philip L. Munday, Mark I. McCormick and Attila Szolnoki, Ocean Acidification Affects Prey Detection by a Predatory Reef Fish, PLoS ONE, 6, 7, (e22736), (2011).
      Crossref
    • Justin Ries, Biodiversity and ecosystems: Acid ocean cover up, Nature Climate Change, 1, 6, (294), (2011).
      Crossref
    • Loren D. Coen, Brett R. Dumbauld and Michael L. Judge, Expanding Shellfish Aquaculture: A Review of the Ecological Services Provided by and Impacts of Native and Cultured Bivalves in Shellfish‐Dominated Ecosystems, Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment, (239-295), (2011).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Simon N. Gosling, Rachel Warren, Nigel W. Arnell, Peter Good, John Caesar, Dan Bernie, Jason A. Lowe, Paul van der Linden, Jesse R. O'Hanley and Stephen M. Smith, A review of recent developments in climate change science. Part II: The global-scale impacts of climate change, Progress in Physical Geography, 10.1177/0309133311407650, 35, 4, (443-464), (2011).
      Crossref
    • Quirin Schiermeier, Environment: Earth's acid test, Nature, 471, 7337, (154), (2011).
      Crossref
    • Peter A. Faber, Perran L.M. Cook, Ian D. McKelvie and Peter S. Ellis, Development of a gas diffusion probe for the rapid measurement of pCO2 in aquatic samples, Analytica Chimica Acta, 691, 1-2, (1), (2011).
      Crossref
    • Sarah Fiorini, Jack J. Middelburg and Jean‐Pierre Gattuso, TESTING THE EFFECTS OF ELEVATED PCO2 ON COCCOLITHOPHORES (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE): COMPARISON BETWEEN HAPLOID AND DIPLOID LIFE STAGES, Journal of Phycology, 47, 6, (1281-1291), (2011).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Andreas F. Hofmann, Karline Soetaert, Jack J. Middelburg and Filip J. R. Meysman, AquaEnv : An Aqua tic Acid–Base Modelling Env ironment in R, Aquatic Geochemistry, 16, 4, (507), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Helen S. Findlay, Michael A. Kendall, John I. Spicer and Stephen Widdicombe, Post-larval development of two intertidal barnacles at elevated CO2 and temperature, Marine Biology, 157, 4, (725), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Gisela Lannig, Silke Eilers, Hans O. Pörtner, Inna M. Sokolova and Christian Bock, Impact of Ocean Acidification on Energy Metabolism of Oyster, Crassostrea gigas—Changes in Metabolic Pathways and Thermal Response, Marine Drugs, 8, 12, (2318), (2010).
      Crossref
    • S. Nienhuis, A. R. Palmer and C. D. G. Harley, Elevated CO2 affects shell dissolution rate but not calcification rate in a marine snail, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277, 1693, (2553), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Mario Lebrato, Debora Iglesias-Rodríguez, Richard A. Feely, Dana Greeley, Daniel O. B. Jones, Nadia Suarez-Bosche, Richard S. Lampitt, Joan E. Cartes, Darryl R. H. Green and Belinda Alker, Global contribution of echinoderms to the marine carbon cycle: CaCO3budget and benthic compartments, Ecological Monographs, 80, 3, (441), (2010).
      Crossref
    • A. Luchetta, C. Cantoni and G. Catalano, New observations of CO2-induced acidification in the northern Adriatic Sea over the last quarter century, Chemistry and Ecology, 26, sup1, (1), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Hannah Sheppard Brennand, Natalie Soars, Symon A. Dworjanyn, Andrew R. Davis, Maria Byrne and Richard Kazimierz Frank Unsworth, Impact of Ocean Warming and Ocean Acidification on Larval Development and Calcification in the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla, PLoS ONE, 5, 6, (e11372), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Bernard Sainte-Marie, Isaac C. Kaplan, Phillip S. Levin, Merrick Burden and Elizabeth A. Fulton, Fishing catch shares in the face of global change: a framework for integrating cumulative impacts and single species management, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 67, 12, (1968), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Helen S. Findlay, Michael A. Kendall, John I. Spicer and Stephen Widdicombe, Relative influences of ocean acidification and temperature on intertidal barnacle post-larvae at the northern edge of their geographic distribution, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 86, 4, (675), (2010).
      Crossref
    • A.F. Hofmann, J.J. Middelburg, K. Soetaert, D. A.Wolf-Gladrow and F.J.R. Meysman, Proton cycling, buffering, and reaction stoichiometry in natural waters, Marine Chemistry, 121, 1-4, (246), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Gretchen E. Hofmann, James P. Barry, Peter J. Edmunds, Ruth D. Gates, David A. Hutchins, Terrie Klinger and Mary A. Sewell, The Effect of Ocean Acidification on Calcifying Organisms in Marine Ecosystems: An Organism-to-Ecosystem Perspective, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120227, 41, 1, (127-147), (2010).
      Crossref
    • S. Comeau, G. Gorsky, S. Alliouane and J.-P. Gattuso, Larvae of the pteropod Cavolinia inflexa exposed to aragonite undersaturation are viable but shell-less, Marine Biology, 157, 10, (2341), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Laura J. Falkenberg, Owen W. Burnell, Sean D. Connell and Bayden D. Russell, Sustainability in Near-shore Marine Systems: Promoting Natural Resilience, Sustainability, 2, 12, (2593), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Richard A. Feely, Simone R. Alin, Jan Newton, Christopher L. Sabine, Mark Warner, Allan Devol, Christopher Krembs and Carol Maloy, The combined effects of ocean acidification, mixing, and respiration on pH and carbonate saturation in an urbanized estuary, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.05.004, 88, 4, (442-449), (2010).
      Crossref
    • I.E. Hendriks, C.M. Duarte and M. Álvarez, Vulnerability of marine biodiversity to ocean acidification: A meta-analysis, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 86, 2, (157), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Jessica A. Ericson, Miles D. Lamare, Simon A. Morley and Mike F. Barker, The response of two ecologically important Antarctic invertebrates (Sterechinus neumayeri and Parborlasia corrugatus) to reduced seawater pH: effects on fertilisation and embryonic development, Marine Biology, 157, 12, (2689), (2010).
      Crossref
    • C. Turley, M. Eby, A.J. Ridgwell, D.N. Schmidt, H.S. Findlay, C. Brownlee, U. Riebesell, V.J. Fabry, R.A. Feely and J.-P. Gattuso, The societal challenge of ocean acidification, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60, 6, (787), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Patrick L. Cahill, Catriona L. Hurd and Mark Lokman, Keeping the water clean — Seaweed biofiltration outperforms traditional bacterial biofilms in recirculating aquaculture, Aquaculture, 306, 1-4, (153), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Raymond G. Najjar, Christopher R. Pyke, Mary Beth Adams, Denise Breitburg, Carl Hershner, Michael Kemp, Robert Howarth, Margaret R. Mulholland, Michael Paolisso, David Secor, Kevin Sellner, Denice Wardrop and Robert Wood, Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 86, 1, (1), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Riccardo Rodolfo‐Metalpa, Chiara Lombardi, Silvia Cocito, Jason M. Hall‐Spencer and Maria Cristina Gambi, Effects of ocean acidification and high temperatures on the bryozoan Myriapora truncata at natural CO2 vents, Marine Ecology, 31, 3, (447-456), (2010).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Abigail M. Smith, Anna C.L. Wood, Michelle F.A. Liddy, Amy E. Shears and Ceridwen I. Fraser, Human impacts in an urban port: The carbonate budget, Otago Harbour, New Zealand, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 90, 2, (73), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Takeshi Yoshimura, Jun Nishioka, Koji Suzuki, Hiroshi Hattori, Hiroshi Kiyosawa and Yutaka W. Watanabe, Impacts of elevated CO2 on organic carbon dynamics in nutrient depleted Okhotsk Sea surface waters, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 395, 1-2, (191), (2010).
      Crossref
    • J. Blackford, S. Widdicombe, D. Lowe and B. Chen, Environmental risks and performance assessment of carbon dioxide (CO2) leakage in marine ecosystems, Developments and Innovation in Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture and Storage Technology, 10.1533/9781845699581.3.344, (344-373), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Steeve Comeau, Ross Jeffree, Jean-Louis Teyssié, Jean-Pierre Gattuso and Anna Stepanova, Response of the Arctic Pteropod Limacina helicina to Projected Future Environmental Conditions, PLoS ONE, 5, 6, (e11362), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Carles Pelejero, Eva Calvo and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Paleo-perspectives on ocean acidification, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 25, 6, (332), (2010).
      Crossref
    • M. Cigliano, M. C. Gambi, R. Rodolfo-Metalpa, F. P. Patti and J. M. Hall-Spencer, Effects of ocean acidification on invertebrate settlement at volcanic CO2 vents, Marine Biology, 157, 11, (2489), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Helen S. Findlay, Michael T. Burrows, Michael A. Kendall, John I. Spicer and Stephen Widdicombe, Can ocean acidification affect population dynamics of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides at its southern range edge?, Ecology, 91, 10, (2931), (2010).
      Crossref
    • M. M. P. B. Fuentes, J. L. Dawson, S. G. Smithers, M. Hamann and C. J. Limpus, Sedimentological characteristics of key sea turtle rookeries: potential implications under projected climate change, Marine and Freshwater Research, 61, 4, (464), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Kristy J. Kroeker, Rebecca L. Kordas, Ryan N. Crim and Gerald G. Singh, Meta-analysis reveals negative yet variable effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms, Ecology Letters, 13, 11, (1419), (2010).
      Crossref
    • Elvira S. Poloczanska and Alan J. Butler, Biofouling and Climate Change, Biofouling, (333-347), (2010).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Tatjana Ilyina, Richard E. Zeebe, Ernst Maier‐Reimer and Christoph Heinze, Early detection of ocean acidification effects on marine calcification, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 23, 1, (2009).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Carol Turley and Helen S. Findlay, Ocean Acidification as an Indicator for Climate Change, Climate Change, 10.1016/B978-0-444-53301-2.00021-X, (367-390), (2009).
      Crossref
    • Hronn Egilsdottir, John I. Spicer and Simon D. Rundle, The effect of CO2 acidified sea water and reduced salinity on aspects of the embryonic development of the amphipod Echinogammarus marinus (Leach), Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58, 8, (1187), (2009).
      Crossref
    • Hans-Martin Füssel, An updated assessment of the risks from climate change based on research published since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Climatic Change, 97, 3-4, (469), (2009).
      Crossref
    • Nicholas R. Bates, Jeremy T. Mathis and Lee W. Cooper, Ocean acidification and biologically induced seasonality of carbonate mineral saturation states in the western Arctic Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 114, C11, (2009).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Sarah R Cooley and Scott C Doney, Anticipating ocean acidification’s economic consequences for commercial fisheries, Environmental Research Letters, 4, 2, (024007), (2009).
      Crossref
    • Dana Clark, Miles Lamare and Mike Barker, Response of sea urchin pluteus larvae (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) to reduced seawater pH: a comparison among a tropical, temperate, and a polar species, Marine Biology, 156, 6, (1125), (2009).
      Crossref
    • LAURA M. PARKER, PAULINE M. ROSS and WAYNE A. O'CONNOR, The effect of ocean acidification and temperature on the fertilization and embryonic development of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Gould 1850), Global Change Biology, 15, 9, (2123-2136), (2009).
      Wiley Online Library
    • Dominique Davoult, Jérôme Harlay and Franck Gentil, Contribution of a Dense Population of the Brittle Star Acrocnida brachiata (Montagu) to the Biogeochemical Fluxes of CO2 in a Temperate Coastal Ecosystem, Estuaries and Coasts, 32, 6, (1103), (2009).
      Crossref
    • Sue-Ann Watson, Paul C. Southgate, Paul A. Tyler and Lloyd S. Peck, Early Larval Development of the Sydney Rock OysterSaccostrea glomerataUnder Near-Future Predictions of CO2-Driven Ocean Acidification, Journal of Shellfish Research, 28, 3, (431), (2009).
      Crossref
    • A. Whitman Miller, Amanda C. Reynolds, Cristina Sobrino, Gerhardt F. Riedel and Zoe Finkel, Shellfish Face Uncertain Future in High CO2 World: Influence of Acidification on Oyster Larvae Calcification and Growth in Estuaries, PLoS ONE, 4, 5, (e5661), (2009).
      Crossref
    • Elvira S. Poloczanska, Colin J. Limpus and Graeme C. Hays, Chapter 2 Vulnerability of Marine Turtles to Climate Change, , 10.1016/S0065-2881(09)56002-6, (151-211), (2009).
      Crossref
    • Scott C. Doney, Victoria J. Fabry, Richard A. Feely and Joan A. Kleypas, Ocean Acidification: The Other CO2Problem, Annual Review of Marine Science, 1, 1, (169), (2009).
      Crossref
    • Azumi Kuroyanagi, Hodaka Kawahata, Atsushi Suzuki, Kazuhiko Fujita and Takahiro Irie, Impacts of ocean acidification on large benthic foraminifers: Results from laboratory experiments, Marine Micropaleontology, 73, 3-4, (190), (2009).
      Crossref
    • Ross A Jeffree, Ocean acidification: a prognosis and treatment for this eclipsing issue in marine ecotoxicology, Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 5, 1, (173-175), (2009).
      Wiley Online Library
    • K. E. Fabricius, Theme section on “Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs”, Coral Reefs, 27, 3, (455), (2008).
      Crossref
      • OCEANS 2008 - MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean Kobe, Japan OCEANS 2008 - MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean IEEE , (2008). 978-1-4244-2125-1 J. P. Barry, C. Lovera, C. Okuda, E. Nelson and E. Pane A Gas-Controlled Aquarium System for Ocean Acidification Studies , (2008). 1 5 4531029 , 10.1109/OCEANSKOBE.2008.4531029 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4531029/
    • L. D. D. Harvey, Mitigating the atmospheric CO2 increase and ocean acidification by adding limestone powder to upwelling regions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 113, C4, (2008).
      Wiley Online Library
    • John M. Guinotte and Victoria J. Fabry, Ocean Acidification and Its Potential Effects on Marine Ecosystems, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1134, 1, (320-342), (2008).
      Wiley Online Library
    • H. L Wood, J. I Spicer and S. Widdicombe, Ocean acidification may increase calcification rates, but at a cost, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275, 1644, (1767), (2008).
      Crossref
    • RACHEL PRZESLAWSKI, SHANE AHYONG, MARIA BYRNE, GERT WÖRHEIDE and PAT HUTCHINGS, Beyond corals and fish: the effects of climate change on noncoral benthic invertebrates of tropical reefs, Global Change Biology, 14, 12, (2773-2795), (2008).
      Wiley Online Library
    • R. A. Feely, C. L. Sabine, J. M. Hernandez-Ayon, D. Ianson and B. Hales, Evidence for Upwelling of Corrosive "Acidified" Water onto the Continental Shelf, Science, 320, 5882, (1490), (2008).
      Crossref
    • Stephen Widdicombe and John I. Spicer, Predicting the impact of ocean acidification on benthic biodiversity: What can animal physiology tell us?, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 366, 1-2, (187), (2008).
      Crossref
    • Justin Gerlach, Climate change and identification of terrestrial protected areas in the Seychelles Islands, Biodiversity, 9, 3-4, (24), (2008).
      Crossref
    • V. J. Fabry, B. A. Seibel, R. A. Feely and J. C. Orr, Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 3, (414), (2008).
      Crossref
    • Haruko Kurihara, Masaaki Matsui, Hiroko Furukawa, Masahiro Hayashi and Atsushi Ishimatsu, Long-term effects of predicted future seawater CO2 conditions on the survival and growth of the marine shrimp Palaemon pacificus, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 367, 1, (41), (2008).
      Crossref
    • Meredith M. White, Daniel C. McCorkle, Lauren S. Mullineaux, Anne L. Cohen and Athanassios C. Tsikliras, Early Exposure of Bay Scallops (Argopecten irradians) to High CO2 Causes a Decrease in Larval Shell Growth, PLoS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0061065, 8, 4, (e61065), (2013).
      Crossref
    • Juliane Steinhardt, Paul G. Butler, Michael L. Carroll and John Hartley, The Application of Long-Lived Bivalve Sclerochronology in Environmental Baseline Monitoring, Frontiers in Marine Science, 10.3389/fmars.2016.00176, 3, (2016).
      Crossref
    • L. L. Robbins and J. T. Lisle, Regional Acidification Trends in Florida Shellfish Estuaries: a 20+ Year Look at pH, Oxygen, Temperature, and Salinity, Estuaries and Coasts, 10.1007/s12237-017-0353-8, (2017).
      Crossref