Regular Article

Distinctive climate signals in reanalysis of global ocean heat content

Magdalena A. Balmaseda

Corresponding Author

European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading, UK

Corresponding author: M. A. Balmaseda, European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, UK. (E-mail address:Magdalena.Balmaseda@ecmwf.int)
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Kevin E. Trenberth

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA

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Erland Källén

European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading, UK

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First published: 21 March 2013
Cited by: 207

Abstract

[1] The elusive nature of the post‐2004 upper ocean warming has exposed uncertainties in the ocean's role in the Earth's energy budget and transient climate sensitivity. Here we present the time evolution of the global ocean heat content for 1958 through 2009 from a new observation‐based reanalysis of the ocean. Volcanic eruptions and El Niño events are identified as sharp cooling events punctuating a long‐term ocean warming trend, while heating continues during the recent upper‐ocean‐warming hiatus, but the heat is absorbed in the deeper ocean. In the last decade, about 30% of the warming has occurred below 700 m, contributing significantly to an acceleration of the warming trend. The warming below 700 m remains even when the Argo observing system is withdrawn although the trends are reduced. Sensitivity experiments illustrate that surface wind variability is largely responsible for the changing ocean heat vertical distribution.

Number of times cited: 207

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