Monsoon changes for 6000 years ago: Results of 18 simulations from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP)
S. Joussaume
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorK. E. Taylor
PCMDI, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
Search for more papers by this authorP. Braconnot
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorJ. E. Kutzbach
Center for Climatic Research, Univ. Wisconsin, USA
Search for more papers by this authorS. P. Harrison
Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Sweden
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorI. C. Prentice
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
School of Ecology, Lund University, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorA. J. Broccoli
NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, USA
Search for more papers by this authorA. Abe-Ouchi
Center for Climate System Research, University, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorC. Bonfils
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorD. Jolly
Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Sweden
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
School of Ecology, Lund University, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorA. Kislov
Dpt. Meteorology and Climatology, University Moscow, Russia
Search for more papers by this authorM. F. Loutre
Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique, UCL, Belgique
Search for more papers by this authorV. Masson
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorB. McAvaney
Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorN. McFarlane
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Victoria
Search for more papers by this authorN. de Noblet
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorW. R. Peltier
Dpt. Atmospheric Science, University of Toronto, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Y. Peterschmitt
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorD. Pollard
Earth System Science Center, Pennsylvania State University, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. F. Royer
Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Toulouse, France
Search for more papers by this authorM. E. Schlesinger
Dpt. Atmospheric Sciences, University Illinois, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Syktus
CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, and Queensland Centre for Climate Applications, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorS. Thompson
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
Search for more papers by this authorG. Vettoretti
Dpt. Atmospheric Science, University of Toronto, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorS. Joussaume
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorK. E. Taylor
PCMDI, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
Search for more papers by this authorP. Braconnot
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorJ. E. Kutzbach
Center for Climatic Research, Univ. Wisconsin, USA
Search for more papers by this authorS. P. Harrison
Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Sweden
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorI. C. Prentice
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
School of Ecology, Lund University, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorA. J. Broccoli
NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, USA
Search for more papers by this authorA. Abe-Ouchi
Center for Climate System Research, University, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorC. Bonfils
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorD. Jolly
Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Sweden
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
School of Ecology, Lund University, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorA. Kislov
Dpt. Meteorology and Climatology, University Moscow, Russia
Search for more papers by this authorM. F. Loutre
Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique, UCL, Belgique
Search for more papers by this authorV. Masson
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorB. McAvaney
Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorN. McFarlane
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Victoria
Search for more papers by this authorN. de Noblet
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorW. R. Peltier
Dpt. Atmospheric Science, University of Toronto, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Y. Peterschmitt
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorD. Pollard
Earth System Science Center, Pennsylvania State University, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. F. Royer
Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Toulouse, France
Search for more papers by this authorM. E. Schlesinger
Dpt. Atmospheric Sciences, University Illinois, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Syktus
CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, and Queensland Centre for Climate Applications, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorS. Thompson
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
Search for more papers by this authorG. Vettoretti
Dpt. Atmospheric Science, University of Toronto, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Amplification of the northern hemisphere seasonal cycle of insolation during the mid-Holocene causes a northward shift of the main regions of monsoon precipitation over Africa and India in all 18 simulations conducted for the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Differences among simulations are related to differences in model formulation. Despite qualitative agreement with paleoecological estimates of biome shifts, the magnitude of the monsoon increases over northern Africa are underestimated by all the models.
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