Ambient Bubble Acoustics
Seep, Rain, and Wave Noise
Ben Roche
School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Search for more papers by this authorTimothy G. Leighton
Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Search for more papers by this authorPaul R. White
Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan M. Bull
School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Search for more papers by this authorBen Roche
School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Search for more papers by this authorTimothy G. Leighton
Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Search for more papers by this authorPaul R. White
Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan M. Bull
School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Search for more papers by this authorGaye Bayrakci
Search for more papers by this authorFrauke Klingelhoefer
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
This chapter discusses the sounds emitted by gas bubbles when they are generated underwater. Here, we define bubbles to be volumes of gas surrounded by liquid (in this case, taken to be water), having surface-tension forces (the so-called Laplace pressure ) generated by a single wall; they are distinguished from the soap bubbles familiar in children's games, where the volume of gas is surrounded by two gas/liquid boundaries. Compared to other acoustic sources, such as marine mammals, ships, and tectonic events, a single bubble may seem insignificant. Indeed, without ideal conditions, it can be difficult to observe the sound of a single bubble from a distance of more than a few tens of centimeters. However, natural processes rarely produce single bubbles and can generate them by the million, at which point the sound generated is significant. The formation of bubbles due to gas seeps, rainfall, and breaking waves is a major component of ambient noise in the marine environment and can even alter the propagation of sound waves from other sources. This chapter focuses on the passive emissions of bubbles as they are formed, released, or injected into water, with linear volume pulsations.
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